Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – February 5, 2018

All the Pairs are correct

Islamic taxes include

Zakat – one of the five pillars of Islam. Only imposed on Muslims, it is generally described as a 2.5% tax on savings to be donated to the Muslim poor and needyIt was a tax collected by the Islamic state.

jizya – a per capita yearly tax historically levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects—dhimmis—permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic law, the tax excluded the poor, women, children and the elderly.

kharaj – a land tax at first imposed only on non-Muslims

ushr – a 10% tax on the harvests of irrigated land and 10% tax on harvest from rain-watered land and 5% on Land dependent on well water.The term has also been used for a 10% tax on merchandise imported from states that taxed the Muslims on their products. Caliph `Umar ibn Al-Khattāb was the first Muslim ruler to levy ushr

Among the above movements, Indigo revolt has no religious charateistic.

Moplah rebellion:

The Moplah Rebellion or the Malabar Rebellion was an extended version of the Khilafat Movement in Kerala in 1921.

The Government had declared the Congress and Khilafat meetings illegal. So, a reaction in Kerala began against the crackdown of the British in Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of Malabar.

But the Khilafat meeting incited so much communal feelings among the Muslims peasants , known as Moplahs, that it turned out to become an antihindu movement from July 1921 onwards.

The violence began and the Moplahs attacked the police stations and took control of them. They also seized the courts, and the government treasuries. It became a communal riot when the kudiyaan or tenant Moplahs attacked their Hindu jenmis or landlords and killed many of them. Thus the Hindu Landlords became the victims of the atrocities of the Mopla

Farazis Movement:

The movement of the Farazis which arose among the peasants of early 19th century Bengal advocated return to pure Islam.

They followed the teachings of Shah Walliullah of Delhi (1703-63) who had, a century earlier, talked about regaining purity of Islam and objected to infiltration of non-Islamic customs among Muslims.

Founding leader of the Farazis, Shariat Ullah (1781-1839) preached religious purification and advocated return to the faraiz, i.e. obligatory duties of Islam, namely – kalimah (profession of faith), salat (or namaz), sawn ( or rozah), zakat (or alms to poor) and Hajj. He also preached tawhid or monotheism

Nirankari:

Nirankari, religious reform movement within Sikhism. The Nirankari movement was founded by Dayal Das (died 1855), who belonged to a half-Sikh, half Hindu community in Peshawar. He believed that God is formless, or nirankar .He also stressed the importance of meditation.

Indigo revolt:

The Indigo revolt was directed against British planters who forced British peasant to take advances and sign fraudulent contacts which forced peasant to grow Indigo under their terms

Statement 1 is incorrect :

The main concentration of the megalithic cultures in India was the Deccan, especially south of the river Godavari. However, large-stone structures resembling some of the usual megalith types have also been reported from some places in North India, Central India and Western India. These include – Seraikala in Bihar; Deodhoora in Almora district and Khera near Fatehpur Sikri in Agra district of Uttar Pradesh; Nagpur; Chanda and Bhandra districts of Madhya Pradesh; Deosa, 32 miles east of Jaipur in Rajasthan.

Statement 2 and 3 is correct :

The megalithic people had great veneration for the dead as they constructed these monuments with great effort and devotion. They believed that the dead had a life after death and the living had to provide them with their necessities. The grave goods indicate that they belonged to the dead man in life and since they were required for his/her use in the other world, they were buried along with the mortal remains. All these certainly reflect that the ‘cult of the dead’ had a strong hold on the people. The grave goods represented the affection and respect of the living for their dead.

Their belief in animism is reflected in animistic cults. This is evident by the occurrence of animal bones of domestic animals like cattle, sheep/goats and the wild animals like wolf in the megaliths. It seems that these animals were killed for the funeral-feast and the skeletal remains were buried in the graves, or they were sacrificed and buried in the graves to supply food for the dead. Animism is also reflected by terracotta figurines of animals decorated with garlands and ornaments.

Palas had the more number of elephants at that period and it had been mentioned by many scholars and visitors;

Rashtarkutas are known for their religious tolerance by accepting different faith

Prathiharashad the best cavalry at that time.

One of the remarkable features of the chola administration was their encouragement to local self government in the villages all over the empire.

Macaulay strongly recommended that the company should spread Western education in India through the medium of the English language and the existing oriental institution should be used for the promotion of English education in India.

Lord William Bentinck accepted the argument advanced by Lord Macaulay and passed the Resolution on the 7th March, 1835 as under:-

1. The object of the British Government should be the promotion of the European literature and science among the natives of India. The funds appropriated for the purpose of the education should be best employed on English education only.
2. The Government should not oblige any school or collage of native learning.
3. The Government should not spend any amount on the printing of the oriental literature
4. The Government should spend almost all amount at the disposal of the committee on imparting knowledge of English literature and science through the medium of English to the Indians.

Statement 1 is incorrect:

It is written by the 2nd Century CE Buddhist poet Sathanar and not Elango adigal

Statement 2 and 3 is correct

Manimekalai, written by the merchant Shattan [Cittalai Cattanar], tells the story of Manimekalai, the beautiful young daughter of Kovalan and the dancer Madhavi. After Kovalan’s unjust death, Madhavi, once a courtesan, became a Buddhist nun. Manimekalai, despite her beauty, shunned the pleasures of the world, and sought truth, finally gaining ultimate knowledge. The story is set in the second century CE in the Tamil region, when the Chola, Chera and Pandya dynasties ruled the region of south India where most of the action takes place.

Statements 1 and 2 are correct:

The government of Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of India (1828 to 1835) introduced the Mahalwari system of land revenue in 1833. This system was introduced in North-West Frontier, Agra, Central Province, Gangetic Valley, Punjab, etc.

The Mahalwari system had many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari System.

Statement 3 is Incorrect:

Ownership rights were with the peasants but Revenue was collected by the village headman or village leaders (lambardar).