Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – June 8, 2018

Biosphere reserve is declared to conserve some representative ecosystems as a whole for long term in sites. Since 1970, legislations like wildlife protections Act are used to specify borders of National park and wild life sanctuary.

Biosphere reserve is an environment sensitive area with protected status managed primarily to preserve biodiversity of natural ecological conditions and its sustainable use. Each Biosphere Reserve is intended to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems species and genetic variation.

There are three zone in a wild life sanctuary-core zone (no interference allowed), buffer zone (eco-development and forest improvement, regulated pilgrimage, research activities are allowed) and tourism zone (tourism is allowed)

Ramsar convention on wet lands – The convention on wetlands of International importance, called the Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the frame work for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use Metlands and their resources the Ramsar convention is the only global environment Treaty that deals with a particular ecosystem the treaty was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and the convention’s member countries cover geographical region of planet.

The Ramsar Mission – The convention’s mission is “conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local national actions and international cooperation, as contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world.”

The convention uses a broad definitions of the types of Wetland covered in its mission , including lakes and rivers , swamp and mashes , wet grassland and peatlands oases , estuaries, deltas and tidal flats, near shore marine areas mangroves and coral reefs, and human made site such as fish ponds, rice paddies, reservoirs and salt pans.

The wise use concept – At the center of the Ramsar philosophy is the “Wise use” concept. The wise use of wetlands is defined as the maintenance of their ecological character, achieved through the implementation of ecosystem approaches within the context of sustainable development”. Wise use therefore has at its heart the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands and their resources, for the benefit of humankind.  

Bhitarkankika, National park is located in the kendrapara district of Odisha the park home to the endangered saltwater crocodile, Indian python king cobra , black ibis, dartness and many other species of flora and fauna. The endanged Indian Bustard is the major attraction and the desert national park, Rajasthan

A biodiversity hotspot is biogeographical regions that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destructions. Biodiversity hotspots are areas that support natural ecosystem that a largely intact and where native species and communities associated with these ecosystem are well presented. They are also areas a high diversity of locally endemic species, which all species that all not found or are rarely outside the hotspot.

Western Himalayas and Andaman and Nicobar island are not biodiversity hotspots. Hotspots are also located in temperate region eg. California floristic province, Japanese island.

Kolkata – Hajira (NH-6) – 1949 km.

Chennai – Thane (NH-4) – 1235 km.

Agra Mumbai (NH-3) – 1161 km

Pune – Machilipatnam (NH-9) – 841 km

Satpura range commences from Rajpipla hills in west, through Mahadeo hills, it extends Maikala range I n the east. Sahayadris are Western Ghats running from Tapti valley to north of Kanyakumari in North-South direction

Jaipur is the nearest city to the Lake Sambhar in Rajasthan Sambhar is India’s largest salt lake.