Factors continuing the water crisis in South India: Compounding crises

Source: The post factors continuing the water crisis in South India has been created, based on the article “Compounding crises: Water deficit worsens other adverse events for the poor” published in “The Hindu” on 1st April 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3-Disaster and disaster management.

News: The article discusses the severe water shortage in South India, mentioning that the reservoirs are low on water and the situation could worsen. Factors continuing the water crisis in South India: Compounding crises

What is the current water situation in South India?

South India’s reservoirs are at 23% capacity, significantly lower than the 10-year average.

The water situation is deteriorating, with this year’s levels 9% below the rolling decadal average.

Previous similar water crisis occurred in 2017.

The year 2023 was the warmest on record, exacerbating water scarcity.

What are the factors continuing the water crisis in South India?

Monsoon Influence: Erratic monsoon patterns, partly due to one of the strongest El Niño events on record, contribute to the water scarcity.

Climate Change: 2023 was recorded as the warmest year, with predictions of 2024 being even hotter, impacting water availability.

Election Impact: The general election means increased outdoor activity, potentially raising water usage.

Past Lessons Ignored: Despite previous crises, there’s a noticeable lack of effective policy implementation and preparation.

Other Contributing Factors: Issues like unplanned urbanization, excessive groundwater extraction, and low water reuse efficiency worsen the situation.

How does climate change intensify this crisis?

Climate change increases the likelihood of simultaneous crises, such as droughts coinciding with disease outbreaks.

These intensified conditions disproportionately affect low- and middle-income countries like India.

The situation worsens socio-economic conditions, especially among marginalized groups, who are most vulnerable to these climate-induced crises.

Question for practice:

Discuss the factors contributing to the severe water shortage in South India.