Challenges of holding general elections in India during hot weather

Source: The post challenges of holding general elections in India during hot weather has been created, based on the article “Why elections should be conducted in better weather conditions” published in “Indian Express” on 4th May 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2– Indian Polity-Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions and Basic Structure.

Context: The article discusses the challenges of holding general elections in India during hot weather. It mentions efforts by the Election Commission to make voting accessible and protect voters from heat. The author suggests considering weather when scheduling future elections to increase voter turnout and participation.

How is the weather affecting the India’s Elections?

Voter Turnout: The elections are scheduled during April to June, a period known for rising temperatures in India, which often exceed 40 degrees Celsius. This extreme heat affects voter turnout as it discourages people, especially those in rural areas, from traveling long distances to vote.

Effect on Campaign Activities: The high temperatures not only impact voters but also the campaigners. There are instances of political leaders fainting at rallies, highlighting the severe conditions under which campaigning occurs.

What are the measures taken by the Election Commission?

Task Force Creation: The Election Commission of India formed a task force with officials from the IMD, NDMA, and MoHFW to review the impact of heat waves and humidity.

Health Authority Instructions: Directed MoHFW to prepare state health authorities for assisting in heat wave conditions affecting election operations.

Facility Enhancements at Polling Stations: Arranged for shelters, drinking water, and fans to be available at polling stations to help voters cope with the heat.

What should be done?

Reschedule Elections: Consider adjusting the election timetable to cooler months to enhance voter comfort and participation, avoiding the peak heat of April to June.

Enhance On-site Facilities: Expand the provision of shelters, fans, and water at all polling stations, as already implemented by the ECI, to better accommodate voters and staff during hot weather.

Health Preparedness: Strengthen health services during elections, directing state health authorities to prepare for and address heat wave conditions, following ECI’s directives.

Collaborative Task Force Review: Maintain and possibly expand the task force that reviews weather impacts before each polling phase, ensuring timely and effective response measures.

Question for practice:

Evaluate the impact of hot weather on India’s elections and propose measures to address the challenges posed by high temperatures.