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What are various parts of the Indian Constitution?
The Indian Constitution comprises 25 Parts and 12 Schedules, totaling 448 Articles. Adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, it formally took effect on 26 January 1950.
Initially, the Constitution contained 395 Articles across 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. Over time, it underwent significant expansion, adding four Parts, four Schedules, and additional Articles (with one Part later repealed).
The following table gives the Parts of the Indian Constitution.
| Part | Subject | Articles |
| I | The Union and its territory | 1 – 4 |
| II | Citizenship | 5 – 11 |
| III | Fundamental Rights | 12 – 35 |
| IV | Directive Principles of State Policy | 36 – 51 |
| V | The Union Government | 52 – 151 |
| VI | The State Governments | 152 – 237 |
| VII | Repealed by the Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 Article 238 omitted due to the reorganisation of states | |
| VIII | The Union Territories | 239 – 242 |
| IX | The Panchayats | 243 – 243-O |
| IX-A | The Municipalities | 243-P – 243-ZG |
| IX-B | The Co-operative Societies | 243-ZH – 243-ZT |
| X | The Scheduled and Tribal Areas | 244 – 244-A |
| XI | Relations between the Union and the States | 245 – 263 |
| XII | XII Chapter I – Legislative Relations 245 – 255 Chapter II – Administrative Relations 256 – 263 Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits 264 – 300-A | |
| XIII | Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India | 301 – 307 |
| XIV | Services under the Union and the States | 308 – 323 |
| XIV-A | Chapter I – Services 308 – 314 Chapter II – Public Service Commissions 315 to 323 Tribunals 323-A – 323-B | |
| XV | Elections | 324 – 329-A |
| XVI | Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes | 330 – 342 |
| XVII | Official Language | 343 to 351 |
| XVIII | Emergency Provisions | 352 – 360 |
| XIX | Miscellaneous | 361 – 367 |
| XX | Amendment of the Constitution | 368 |
| XXI | Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions | 369 – 392 |
| XXII | Short title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals | 393 – 395 |
What are parts that are added by Amendments?
Three Parts were added to the Constitution, which originally had 22 Parts. Now, the Indian Constitution consists of 25 Parts.
Part IV-A was added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) to the Constitution. This Part deals with the Fundamental Duties.
Part XIV-A was also added by the 42nd Amendment. This Part contains articles on Tribunals.
Part IX-A was added by the 74th Amendment Act (1992). This Part deals with Municipalities.
Part IX-B was added by the 97th Amendment Act (2011) and deals with the co-operative societies.
Part VII (dealing with Part – B states) was deleted by the 7th Amendment Act (1956).
