Issues with safety inspections in industrial areas in India

Source: The post issues with safety inspections in industrial areas in India has been created, based on the article “Factory accidents, a pointer to rusty inspection reform” published in “The Hindu” on 4th July 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3-disaster management

Context: The article highlights Maharashtra’s ineffective safety inspections in industrial areas, leading to repeated accidents, including notable incidents in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2023. It advocates for reforms aligned with international safety standards. A significant explosion in Dombivli in May 2024 caused multiple fatalities and injuries, underscoring the urgency for change.

What are the issues with safety inspections in industrial areas in India?

1. Low Inspection Rates: Across India, only 14.65% of registered factories and 26.02% of hazardous factories were inspected in 2021. This low nationwide rate reflects systemic issues in industrial safety oversight. This issue is widespread, with Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Gujarat showing even lower rates than the all-India average.
2. Inspector Shortages: The shortage of inspectors exacerbates the problem. For instance, Maharashtra had only 48 out of 122 sanctioned inspectors appointed in 2021, resulting in each inspector being responsible for inspecting 818 factories annually.
3. Corruption and Bribery: There are reports of informal agreements between inspectors and factory owners, leading to compromised safety inspections. The president of the Maharashtra Industry Development Association admitted that inspections were often done on an “understanding” basis.
4. Ineffective Enforcement: The prosecution rates are low, with Maharashtra at about 14% in 2021, reducing the deterrent effect of inspections. This contributes to repeated safety violations and accidents.

What should be done?

1. Implement ILO Standards: Follow International Labour Organization standards for inspections, including unannounced visits and sufficient staffing. This will enhance safety compliance.
2. Penalize Non-Compliance: Impose penalties on both companies and state officials for safety lapses. This will ensure accountability and prevent negligence.
3. Tackle Corruption: Address corruption by ensuring inspections are genuine and free from bribery. Reports of “understanding” between inspectors and factory owners must be eliminated for effective safety measures.

Question for practice:

Examine the key issues with safety inspections in industrial areas in India and suggest measures for improvement.