Reimposition of AFSPA in Manipur

Source: The post reimposition of AFSPA in Manipur has been created, based on the article “Express View: AFSPA is a blunt instrument – address political failure Manipur instead” published in “Indian Express” on 16th November 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS paper 3- Internal Security

Context: The article discusses ethnic conflicts in Manipur, worsened by government inaction, distrust, and the reimposition of AFSPA. It highlights historical opposition to AFSPA, poor governance, and unresolved tensions between communities, urging better political solutions instead of relying on military measures.

For detailed information on Manipur unrest and its impact on regional security read this article here

What is the Current Situation in Manipur?

1. Manipur has experienced 19 months of ethnic conflict, resulting in deaths and displacements. 2. The recent violence prompted the reimposition of the Disturbed Area status under AFSPA in six police stations, which has historically faced opposition in Manipur and other Northeast areas.

What Are the Root Causes of the Conflict?

1. The conflict originated from the Meitei community’s demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status and opposition by the Kuki-Zomi community.
2. Ethnic identities have long influenced socioeconomic and political dynamics in Manipur, leading to entrenched divisions and conflict.

What is the major concern regarding the conflicts in Manipur?

1. Ineffective Governance: The state government focuses on blaming outsiders and imposing internet bans, with no effective solutions.
2. Uncontrolled Weapons: Over 5,000 looted weapons remain unaccounted for, worsening security concerns.
3. Administrative Failures: The issue is viewed only through law and order, ignoring underlying political problems.

What is the History of AFSPA in Manipur?

1. Initial Imposition (1958): AFSPA was first imposed in the Naga-dominated districts of Senapati, Tamenglong, and Ukhrul.
2. Extension to New Areas (1960s): The Act was extended to Kuki-Zomi-dominated Churachandpur district.
3. Statewide Implementation (1979): The entire state came under AFSPA due to armed insurgency in Meitei-dominated Imphal Valley.
4. Major Protests: Activist Irom Sharmila protested against AFSPA for 16 years, starting in 2000.
5. Review and Recommendations: The Jeevan Reddy Committee in 2005 and the Second Administrative Reforms Commission recommended repealing AFSPA, calling it “highly undesirable.”
6. Recent Rollbacks Elsewhere: AFSPA has been reduced in other parts of the Northeast due to declining militancy, but Manipur remains an exception.

Question for practice:

Evaluate the effectiveness of government measures, including the reimposition of AFSPA, in addressing the ethnic conflict and security concerns in Manipur.