Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – December 24, 2018

In March 1947, Lord Mountbatten replace Lord Wavell and came India with plan of Balakanisation where India would divide into small states, however it was dropped. Mountbatten formula was to divide India but retain maximum satisfying both League and Congress.

Mohiniyattam literally interpreted as the dance of Mohini, the celestial enchantress of the Hindu mythology, is the classical solo dance form of Kerala. References of Mohiniyattam can be found in the texts Vyavaharamala written in 1709 by Mazhamagalam Narayanan Namputiri and in Ghoshayatra, written later by great poet Kunjan Nambiar. Mohiniyattam is characterized by graceful, swaying body movements with no abrupt jerks or sudden leaps. It belongs to the lasya style which is feminine, tender and graceful. The movements are emphasized by the glides and the up and down movement on toes, like the waves of the sea and the swaying of the coconut, palm trees and the paddy fields.

The GI protected paintings are : Mysore Traditional Paintings, Thanjavur Paintings, Madhubani Paintings, Cheriyal Scroll Paintings, Kangra Paintings. Warli painting doesnt have any GI protection. Thus

statement 1 is incorrect. Detailed Learning: Thanjavur painting is a classical South Indian painting style, which was inaugurated from the town of Thanjavur and spread across the adjoining and geographically contiguous Tamil country. It has been recognized as a Geographical indication by the Government of India in 2007-08.Thanjavur paintings are characterised by rich, flat and vivid colors, simple iconic composition, glittering gold foils overlaid on delicate but extensive gesso work and inlay of glass beads and pieces or very rarely precious and semi- precious gems. Madhubani painting originated in a small village, known as Maithili, of the Bihar .Initially, the womenfolk of the village drew the paintings on the walls of their home, as an illustration of their thoughts, hopes and dreams. With time, the paintings started becoming a part of festivities and special events, like marriage. Slowly and gradually, the Madhubani painting of India crossed the traditional boundaries and started reaching connoisseurs of art, both at the national as well as the international level.

All the statements are correct. The medieval Bhakti movement was the direct result of the influence of the spread of Islam in India. Monotheism or belief in one God, equality and brotherhood of man and rejection of rituals and class divisions are the distinctive characteristics of Islam. These Islamic ideas created a profound impact on the religious leaders of this period. Moreover, the preaching of Sufi teachers shaped the thinking of Bhakti reformers like Ramananda, Kabir and Nanak. The importance of the Bhakti movement was very great. Various preachers spoke and wrote in the regional languages. So, the Bhakti movement provided an impetus for the development of regional languages such as Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Kannada, etc the caste system was condemned by the Bhakti saints, the lower classes were raised to a position of great importance. The importance of women in society was also increased because the Bhakti movement gave equal importance to them.

Nagpur Session, December 1920

• The Napur (special session )was presided by C. Vijayaraghavachariar
• The programme of non-cooperation was endorsed.
• An important change was made in Congress creed; now, instead of having the attainment of self-government through constitutional means as its goal, the Congress decided to have the attainment of Swaraj through peaceful and legitimate means, thus committing itself to an extra- constitutional mass struggle.

Note: Resolution on fundamental rights which included primary education as a fundamental right was introduced in Karachi Session of INC, 1931.

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was a revolutionary organisation, also known as Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in New Delhi by Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and others. As early as 1902, the three societies came together under a single umbrella of Anushilan Samiti. The Anushilan Samiti was established by Pramathanath Mitra, a barrister from Calcutta. The people associated with this samiti were Sri Aurobindo , Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Jatindranath Banerjee, Bagha Jatin, Bhupendra Natha Datta, Barindra Ghosh etc. Naujawan Bharat Sabha was a left-wing Indian association that sought to foment revolution against the British Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youths. It was founded by Bhagat Singh in March 1926and was a more public face of the Hindustan Republican Association. Abhinav Bharat Society (Young India Society) was a secret society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1903.

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra on June 17, 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Statement 2 and 3 are correct: The Society organised many campaigns to promote education, sanitation, health care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination, alcoholism, poverty, oppression of women and domestic abuse. It chose to remain away from political activities and national organisations like the Indian National Congress. Though the servants of India Society declined after the death of Gokhale it still continues its activities with a small membership in Mumbai, Maharashtra.