Moderate Phase & India and Neighborhood policy

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Treaty of Sugauli, the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal with India, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and Kingdom of Nepal following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16.
# Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Lord Hastings (Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings) served as Governor-General of Bengal from 1813 to 1823.
By the Charter Act of 1833, the post of Governor-General of Bengal converted into “Governor-General of India”.
# NOT Warren Hastings (1772-1785).

The Moderates campaigned on the following grounds:
• Indianisation of government service: on the economic grounds that British civil servants got very high emoluments while inclusion of Indians would be more economical;
• Call for separation of judicial from executive functions.
• Criticism of an oppressive and tyrannical bureaucracy and an expensive and time-consuming judicial system.
• Criticism of an aggressive foreign policy which resulted in annexation of Burma, attack on Afghanistan and suppression of tribals in the North-West-all costing heavily for the Indian treasury.
• Call for increase in expenditure on welfare (i.e., health, sanitation), education-especially elementary and technical-irrigation works and improvement of agriculture, agricultural banks for cultivators, etc.
• Demand for better treatment for Indian labor abroad in other British colonies, where they faced oppression and racial discrimination.

The Government of Ripon desired the provincial governments to apply in case of local bodies the same principle of financial decentralization which Lord Mayo’s Government had begun towards them. For his contributions, Lord Ripon is called father of local self-government in India.

The main aims of the Indian National Congress in the initial stage were to
• found a democratic, nationalist movement
• politicize and politically educate people
• establish the headquarters for a movement
• promote friendly relations among nationalist political workers from different parts of the country
• develop and propagate an anti-colonial nationalist ideology
• formulate and present popular demands before the government with a view to unifying the people over a common economic and political programme
• Develop and consolidate a feeling of national unity among people irrespective of religion, caste or province.
• Carefully promote and nurture Indian nationhood

The Communal Award, based on the findings of the Indian Franchise Committee (also called the Lothian Committee), established separate electorates and reserved seats for minorities, including the depressed classes which were granted seventy-eight reserved seats.

Lord Lawrence, the governor-general in India during the period 1864-1869,
initiated the policy of Masterly Inactivity. He believed that the English should not interfere
in the internal affairs of Afghanistan and there was no necessity to keep an English
representative at its court.