Post-Independence

K.R. Narayanan was elected as Vice President in 1992, he went on to become President in 1997.
The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army’s Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code-named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.
The Kargil war was fought between India and Pakistan between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and along the Line of Control (LOC).
The time period for Tenth FYP was 2002-07.

On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the States Reorganisation Act on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the Saurashtra and Kutch States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of Gujarat, with Gujarati speaking population and Maharashtra, with Marathi speaking population.
Nagaland attained statehood with the enactment of the state of Nagaland Act in 1962 by the Parliament.
On 1 November 1966, Haryana was carved out on the basis of that the parts of Punjab which were to be Haryana’s “Hindi-speaking areas.”

In 1967, Morarji Desai joined Smt. Indira Gandhi’s cabinet as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister in charge of Finance. Post-emergency, he was unanimously elected as Leader of the Janata Party in Parliament and was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India on March 24, 1977.
In December 1973, students of L D College of Engineering in Ahmedabad went on a strike to protest against a hike in school fees. A month later, students of Gujarat University erupted in protest, demanding the dismissal of the state government. It called itself the ‘Navnirman movement’. The student protests against the government escalated and soon factory workers and people from other sectors of society joined in. By February 1974, the central government was forced to act upon the protest. It suspended the Assembly and imposed President’s rule upon the state.
The 1975 emergency was the third national emergency (first one was in 1962 when China invaded India while the second one was in 1971 during the war with Pakistan), and the only one to be declared citing of “internal disturbances”.

Both statements are correct.
The Assam Accord was a Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) signed between representatives of the Government of India and the leaders of the Assam Movement in New Delhi on 15 August 1985.
A six-year agitation demanding identification and deportation of illegal immigrants was launched by the All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) in 1979 concluded with the signing of the Assam Accord.
Among other things the clause 6 of the accord states “constitutional, legislative and administrative safeguards, as may be appropriate, shall be provided to protect, preserve and promote the cultural, social, linguistic identity and heritage of the Assamese people.”
Home Ministry in 2019 set up a committee under High Court judge Biplab Kumar Sarma to make recommendations on the implementation of Clause 6.

Operation Gibraltar was the codename given to the strategy of Pakistan to infiltrate Jammu and Kashmir, and instigate the locals in starting a rebellion against India.
-In August 1965, Pakistan Army’s Azad Kashmir Regular Force troops, disguised as locals, entered Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistan. The operation sparked the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between the Republic of India and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic on August 09, 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation.
-The treaty was a seen as a deviation from India’s sustained position of non-alignment in the Cold War and in the prelude to the Bangladesh liberation war with Pakistan.
The Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was the Indian military contingent performing a peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990.

Portugal continued to challenge India’s claim on its coastal enclave of Goa

post 1947. Following an incident of firing by Portuguese troops at Indian steamers and

fishing boats, India sent in the army to liberate the territory by force. On December 19,

1961, Goa officially became part of India and two years later, held its first general

election.

The then Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi was assassinated on 31 October 1984 at

her residence in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi. She was killed by her Sikh bodyguards

Satwant Singh and Beant Singh in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star.

Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was the Indian military contingent performing a

peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990. It was formed under the

mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War

between Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)

and the Sri Lankan military.

Both statements are correct.

In March 1931 Vallabhbhai presided over the 46th session of the Indian National

Congress at Karachi which was called upon to ratify the Gandhi-lrwin Pact, which had just

then been concluded.

He was the first deputy prime minister of India, while being home minister in Jawaharlal

Nehru’s cabinet. He occupied the post for 3 years until his death in 1950. The post was

vacant until Morarji Desai became the second deputy prime minister in 1967.

# Sardar Patel’s birth anniversary on 31st October is celebrated as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas

(National Unity Day).

K.R. Narayanan was elected as Vice President in 1992, he went on to become

President in 1997.

The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India

at the Indian Army’s Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of

nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code-named Smiling Buddha, was

conducted in May 1974.

The Kargil war was fought between India and Pakistan between May and July 1999 in the

Kargil district of Kashmir and along the Line of Control (LOC).

The time period for Tenth FYP was 2002-07.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Lal Bahadur Shastri held several portfolios in the

Union Cabinet – Minister for Railways; Minister for Transport and Communications;

Minister for Commerce and Industry; Home Minister.

Home Ministers of India:

-Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1946-1950)

-C. Rajagopalachari (1950-1951)

-Kailash Nath Katju (1951-1955)

-Govind Ballabh Pant (1955-1961)

-Lal Bahadur Shastri (1961-1963)

Statement 2 is incorrect. Lal Bahadur Shastri led India as Prime Minister in the 1965 Indo-

Pak War. He died in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (Soviet Union) on the 11th January, 1966, one

day after signing a peace treaty (Tashkent Declaration) to end the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War.

The Indo-China War occurred in 1962. Before that, there had been a series

of violent border skirmishes between the two countries after the 1959 Tibetan uprising,

when India granted asylum to the Dalai Lama.

The war ended when China declared a ceasefire on 20 November 1962, and simultaneously

announced its withdrawal to its claimed Line of Actual Control.

The Tashkent Declaration was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan signed on

10 January 1966 that resolved the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

In 2003, Indian sovereignty over Sikkim was recognized by China.

Gujarat was part of Bombay Presidency in British India but on 1 May 1960

Gujarat was separated and formed as an independent state.

Nagaland state was formed on 1 December 1963 when it was separated from Assam.

Punjab state was created after the merger of Patiala princely state with eight other similar

states. In 1966, Haryana was separated as an independent state from this merger.

Chandigarh is the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.

Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated on 31 October 1984 at her residence in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi.

Ramaswamy Venkataraman, Indian politician, government official, and lawyer who was president of India from 1987 to 1992.

Inder Kumar Gujral was sworn in as the 12th Prime Minister of India in April, 1997.

Statement 1 is correct. The 4th of December is celebrated every year as the Navy Day. The day has great significance in the history of the Nation and the Indian Navy, as it marks a decisive victory for India when the missile boats of the India Navy during Operation Trident, in the 1971 India-Pakistan War, successfully fired their missiles onto ships, oil installations and shore defence installations of Pakistan at Karachi.

Statement 2 is incorrect. INS Vikrant, also known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1) is an aircraft carrier under construction by Cochin Shipyard in Kochi, Kerala for the Indian Navy. It is the first aircraft carrier to be built in India. It is expected to be commissioned in 2021.

Causes and events leading up to the 1971 India-Pakistan war:

–Mass genocide & atrocities by Pakistan Army of their people in East Pakistan

–Cultural & economic domination of West Pakistan over East Pakistan

–Awami League launched non-cooperation and civil disobedience movement after General Elections of December 1970

–25 March 1971: Pak Army launched ‘Operation Searchlight’ to quell the autonomy movement committing atrocities against unarmed Bengalis

–Millions of refugees from East Pakistan took shelter in India

–Mukti Bahini stepped up guerilla warfare

–PAF carried out pre-emptive air strikes on five Indian airfields on 03 December 1971 starting a full scale war

The Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India and the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation.

India, on December 16 celebrates Vijay Diwas to commemorate India’s victory over Pakistan. It was on this day in 1971 that the chief of the Pakistani forces, General AA Khan Niazi, along with 93,000 troops, surrendered unconditionally before the Indian forces.

Fifth Five Year Plan’s duration was 1974 to 1978. This plan focussed on Garibi Hatao, employment, justice, agricultural production and defense.

Goa Liberation Day is observed on December 19 every year in India and it marks the day Indian armed forces freed Goa in 1961 following almost 450 years of Portuguese rule.

Following the death of Pt. Nehru, Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda was a sworn in as Prime Minister of India on May 27, 1964. Again on January 11, 1966, he was sworn in as Prime Minister following the death of Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri at Tashkent.

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 began following Pakistan’s Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule.

Option 1 is correct. Following the death of Pt. Nehru, Gulzari Lal Nanda was a sworn in as Prime Minister of India on May 27, 1964. Again on January 11, 1966, he was sworn in as Prime Minister following the death of Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri at Tashkent.

Option 2 is correct. Atal Bihari Vajpayee served as Prime Minister for a short period in 1996. He later served as PM consecutively from 1998-99 and 1999-2004.

Option 3 is incorrect. Morarji Desai served as 4th Prime Minister of India in period March 24, 1977 – July 28, 1979.

Important acts were passed during the period of Indira Gandhi.

 Maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971 (MISA): A controversial law which gave the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and law enforcement gave absolute power to search and seize properties without a warrant, put individuals under preventive detention and use wiretapping.

 Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (MRTP): The objective of the Act was to restrict monopolistic trade activities and to maintain the economy of

the country in balance. In short, the law was to make sure that the wealth of the country does not remain concentrated in the hands of the rich.

 Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA): What is now popularly known as FEMA, the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 was called FERA back in 1973. The Act aimed to regulate foreign payments and investments and the conversion of foreign exchange.

 The Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973: Acquisition, transfer of right, title and interest of the owners of coal mines was covered under the law.