Arun Prakash writes: Delhi and Taipei, just friends – on India Taiwan relations

Source: The post is based on the article “Arun Prakash writes: Delhi and Taipei, just friends” published in “The Indian express” on 14th August 2023.

Syllabus: GS2- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests,

News: In this article author discusses the recent visit of retired Indian military chiefs to Taiwan, and its implications for Sino-Indian relations. The history of Taiwan (RoC) and its strained relationship with China (PRC) is explored. The author highlights mutual interests between India and Taiwan, especially given China’s aggressive stance, but advises caution for India in deepening ties due to Taiwan’s historical stances on territorial issues.

What is the background of Taiwan (RoC) and China (PRC)?

Formation of Taiwan (RoC) and China (PRC):

The Republic of China (RoC) was established in 1912 after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1927, a civil war began between the Kuomintang (KMT) party of RoC and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

The Japanese invasion in 1937 led to a truce, with both parties joining forces against Japan.

The civil war resumed post-WW II, concluding in 1949 with the CCP’s victory.

Relocation to Taiwan:

After their defeat, the RoC government under Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan.

International Recognition:

Originally, RoC had a seat on the UN Security Council.

In 1971, the UN replaced RoC with PRC as the recognized China.

Today, only 13 countries, including small Pacific islands and the Vatican, officially recognize Taiwan.

How has the US responded to Taiwan and China?

“One China” Policy:

Following their 1972 meeting, Nixon and Mao issued the “Shanghai Communique”, which acknowledged Taiwan as a part of “one China”.

Defense Support for Taiwan:

In 1979, the US passed the Taiwan Relations Act, committing to supply Taiwan with “defensive weapons”.

US’s Ambiguous Stance:

Despite the “one China” policy, the US has maintained relations with both PRC and Taiwan. Through diplomacy and military postures, the US deters China without a clear commitment to defend Taiwan militarily.

How has the relationship between Taiwan and India changed over time?

Before Independence:

During WW II, the Chinese Expeditionary Force was deployed for Burma’s defense and retreated to India after facing defeat by the Japanese.

In 1942, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the RoC visited India. During his visit, Chiang expressed solidarity with India against Japanese aggression and supported India’s freedom struggle.

After Independence:

India recognized the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1950 and initially maintained a “one China” policy, recognizing PRC over Taiwan.

Fall in Relationship:

For years, India’s recognition of the PRC wasn’t reciprocated by China when it came to territories like J&K and Arunachal Pradesh.

Due to concerns about China’s reaction, India kept its relations with Taiwan under the radar for many decades.

Rise in Relationship:

In 1995, despite the overarching “one China” policy, India and Taiwan initiated trade and cultural ties.

Both nations posted diplomatic representatives in New Delhi and Taipei, marking an unofficial yet significant recognition of each other.

Post the 2020 Galwan incident, with a drop in India-China relations, the bond between India and Taiwan has seen a renewed interest, especially in light of mutual security concerns and Taiwan’s leadership in semiconductors.

What caution should India exercise with RoC?

India should approach its relationship with the Republic of China (RoC) or Taiwan with caution due to past territorial disputes. Historically, Taiwan introduced the contentious 9-Dash Line in the South China Sea.

Moreover, the RoC has not recognized the McMahon line and claims “Southern Tibet” as part of China, which could be a concern for India.