Author: Sumit Garg

Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris (MMOD)

News: The MMOD threat gained attention after space debris hit China’s Shenzhou-20 crewed vehicle, causing a minor crack in its return capsule window. About Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris (MMOD) Micrometeoroids: These are naturally occurring, extremely small particles ranging from a few micrometres to about two millimetres in size. Origin: Most originate from asteroid collisions in… Continue reading Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris (MMOD)

Chillai-Kalan

News: Chillai-Kalan began on December 21, 2025, bringing rain and snowfall across Kashmir after a prolonged dry spell in the Valley. About Chillai-Kalan Chillai-Kalan is the forty-day period of the harshest winter cold in the Kashmir Valley. Naming: The term Chillai-Kalan comes from Persian and means “Major Cold”. Duration: It generally begins on December 21… Continue reading Chillai-Kalan

India–New Zealand FTA

News: India and New Zealand concluded discussions on a free trade agreement to provide tariff-free access, attract investments, and expand bilateral trade. About India–New Zealand FTA The India–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement is India’s second bilateral trade agreement in the Oceania region after the India–Australia FTA. Key Takeaways of India–New Zealand FTA Tariff Elimination: The… Continue reading India–New Zealand FTA

Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary

News: A tiger attacked a woman in the Dharmapur Range of Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in Bahraich, according to forest officials. About Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary Location: Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Upper Gangetic plain, falling in the Terai region of Bahraich district in Uttar Pradesh. Establishment: It was established in 1975.… Continue reading Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary

Bureau of Port Security (BoPS)

News: The Union Home Minister chaired a meeting to constitute a statutory Bureau of Port Security to strengthen port and vessel security. About Bureau of Port Security (BoPS) The Bureau of Port Security is a dedicated body proposed to strengthen security oversight of ports, ships, and maritime infrastructure. Legal status: The Bureau of Port Security… Continue reading Bureau of Port Security (BoPS)

Kosi River

News: The Bheja–Bakaur Kosi Bridge project is nearing completion to improve connectivity in flood-affected regions of Madhubani and Supaul in Bihar. About Kosi River Origins: The Kosi River is formed by the confluence of the Sun Kosi, Arun Kosi, and Tamur Kosi, originating in the Himalayan regions of Nepal and Tibet, and enters India in… Continue reading Kosi River

China Tests World-First Wireless Rail Convoy

News: Recently, China successfully tested seven fully loaded freight trains operating together as a single convoy without any physical coupling. About China Tests World-First Wireless Rail Convoy China tested a wireless-controlled freight train convoy that allowed multiple heavy trains to operate together without mechanical connections. Developed by: It is developed by the China Shenhua Energy… Continue reading China Tests World-First Wireless Rail Convoy

Annatto

News: The CSIR–Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR–CFTRI), Mysuru has undertaken four Grant-in-Aid projects on annatto, including post-harvest technologies and Vitamin-E enriched annatto oil development. About Annatto Annatto is a natural food colouring and flavouring agent obtained from the seeds of the achiote tree. It is scientifically known as Bixa orellana. Native to: Annatto is… Continue reading Annatto

Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) Tolling System

News: The Union Road Transport Minister informed the Rajya Sabha about the nationwide rollout of the MLFF tolling system by 2026. About Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) Tolling System The Multi-Lane Free Flow tolling system is a barrier-free digital toll collection system that allows vehicles to pass toll points without stopping. Initiated by: The system has… Continue reading Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) Tolling System

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