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Source-This post on Bridge fuel is based on the article “Is natural gas actually cleaner than coal? Growing evidence says maybe not” published in “DownToEarth” on 1st April 2024.
Why in the News?
Natural gas is often referred to as a ‘Bridge Fuel’ for nations aiming to move away from coal and oil dependence while progressing towards renewable energy and electrification.
What is a Bridge Fuel?
1. About– A “bridge fuel” is a term used for a fuel that helps power society with minimal environmental impact while transitioning to clean, renewable energy sources.
2. Objective– The aim of using a bridge fuel is to substitute the majority of current fossil fuel-dependent energy sources as we shift towards a cleaner, more renewable energy economy devoid of greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Factors considered for bridge fuel– Many view natural gas as a bridge fuel due to its lower greenhouse gas emissions during combustion. However, other factors for a bridge fuel includes enhancing national energy independence and reducing pollution costs.
What is Natural gas?
1. About– Natural gas is a non-renewable resource and is classified as a fossil fuel. It comprises a mixture of gases abundant in hydrocarbons.
2. Constituents– It primarily consists of colorless and odorless methane (CH4), typically ranging from 70% to 90% in composition. Further, it has components like ethane (C2 H6) and propane (C3 H8).
3. Impurities Include carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitrogen (N).
Uses of Natural gas
Natural gas undergoes processing to be converted into cleaner fuel before consumption. During this process, various by-products such as propane, ethane, butane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen are extracted, which can be further utilized.
1. Power generation: Natural gas powers electricity generation.
2. Heating: It warms homes, buildings, and water.
3. Cooking: It fuels stoves, ovens, and other cooking appliances.
4. Industrial processes: Many industries use it for manufacturing, drying, and chemical reactions.
5. Transportation: It fuels vehicles, including buses, trucks, and cars, often in compressed or liquefied form.
6. Fertilizer production: Natural gas is a key ingredient in the production of ammonia-based fertilizers.
Note– Natural gas emits 50% less CO2 than coal, making it a cleaner energy source.
UPSC Syllabus- Science & Technology/ Environment
