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Source: The post challenges in the green energy transition has been created, based on the article “From Uttarakhand to Wayanad: Balancing realpolitik with green transition” published in “Indian Express” on 7th August 2024
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3-infrastructure-energy
Context: The article discusses India’s green energy transition. It highlights the varying state-led transitions, the conflict between green energy drivers and trade policy, and the tension between governance and sustainable development ethics. It emphasizes the need for collaboration and long-term investment.
For detailed information on India’s plans for energy transition read Article 1, Article 2
What is the Current State of India’s Green Energy Transition?
- India aims to meet 50% of its energy needs from renewables by 2030.
- The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) plans to install 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030.
- In 2023, MNRE exceeded its target by 25%, bidding out 50 GW of solar capacity.
- Collaboration between MNRE, the Ministry of Power, and regulatory agencies like Central Electricity Authority (CEA); Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC); Central Transmission Utility (CTU); and Power System Operation Corporation Ltd (POSCO) have improved.
- Challenges include inadequate transmission connectivity and a need for long-term green finance.
What are the challenges in the green energy transition?
- State-Level Variations: States like Telangana and Tamil Nadu are advancing quickly due to favorable policies and industries, while Rajasthan struggles financially, slowing its progress.
- Transmission Connectivity: Inadequate infrastructure hampers the distribution of renewable energy.
- Energy Storage: Grid-scale energy storage is essential but remains expensive and technologically challenging.
- Green Finance: There is a lack of long-term investment. Most investors seek profits within 6-7 years, but a 25-year horizon is needed.
- Trade Policy Dilemmas: Cheap Chinese solar panels could accelerate the transition but pose national security risks due to over-dependence.
What Should be Done?
- Global Cooperation: Climate change requires global solutions, yet national interests often conflict. For instance, India’s trade and climate policies need alignment to balance sustainability, security, and growth.
- Effective Governance: Climate change causes severe issues like forest fires in Uttarakhand and landslides in Wayanad, highlighting the urgency of effective governance.
Question for practice:
Discuss the challenges and proposed solutions in India’s green energy transition.