China bans export of rare earths processing tech over national security

Source– This post is based on the article “China bans export of rare earths processing tech over national security” published in “Reuters” on 22nd December 2023.

Why in the News?

China expanded its export ban by including technology for manufacturing rare earth magnets, in addition to the existing prohibition on technology for extracting and separating these critical materials.

What is the Decision by China to ban export of Rare Earth Processing Technology?

1) China has added these technology to its “Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited and Restricted from Export“. The list aims to restrict exports of certain technologies in order to protect national security and public interest.

2) The list also includes a ban on technology for producing rare-earth calcium oxyborate and rare earth metals, in addition to the previous prohibition on the production of rare earth alloy materials

3) Earlier in August 2023, it also implemented export permits for chipmaking materials like gallium and germanium and later similar requirements were extended to various types of graphite.

4) Such restrictions by China, the world’s top processor of rare earths, raises concerns over supply chain disruptions in the availability of these critical minerals.

What are the rare earth magnets?

1) Rare earth magnets are powerful permanent magnets made from alloys of rare earth elements.

2) These magnets, particularly neodymium magnets and samarium cobalt magnets, are known for their exceptional strength and magnetic properties.

What are Rare Earths?

Rare earths consist of 17 metals employed in creating magnets that convert power into motion, essential for applications in electric vehicles, wind turbines, and electronics.

UPSC Syllabus- International Relations/ Science & Technology