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News: The Karnataka High Court directed the Greater Bengaluru Authority to consider a PIL seeking the removal of Conocarpus trees across Bengaluru.
About Conocarpus Trees
- Conocarpus tree is a genus of trees that was introduced to India from Gulf countries for urban landscaping and greening purposes.
- Species:There are two species of Conocarpus trees found in India –
- Conocarpus erectus (buttonwood) and Conocarpus lancifolius (damask).
- Key Characteristics:
- Fast Growth and Low Maintenance: Conocarpus became popular because it grows quickly, requires little maintenance, and survives well with limited care.
- Tolerance to Harsh Conditions: The species is drought- and salinity-tolerant, making it attractive for urban greening and plantation drives.
- Urban Landscaping: The trees were widely planted along roads, boundary walls, and public spaces by private and public entities.
- Strong Root System: Conocarpus has vigorous roots that naturally search for subsoil water and can extend towards water sources.
- Environmental concerns:
- Ecological Concerns: The Government of India has advised all states and union territories to stop planting both species because of ecological and public health concerns.
- Impact on Biodiversity: Experts reported that Conocarpus replaced many native tree species and may release compounds that hinder the growth of nearby vegetation.
- Health and Infrastructure Issues: Studies from Pakistan and the Middle East raised concerns about allergenic pollen, while its root system may damage infrastructure under poor horticultural planning.
- Status:
- Species Status: Conocarpus has no formal invasive alien species status in India, although experts have suggested treating it as an emerging invader until further studies are completed.
- Court and Government Status: In August 2025, the Government of India advised all States and Union Territories to stop planting both species, while the Karnataka High Court directed the Greater Bengaluru Authority to consider the PIL regarding their removal.
