Daily Quiz #12 UPSC Prelims Marathon – July 13, 2019

Explanation: The Directive Principles resemble the ‘Instrument of Instructions’ enumerated in the Government of India Act of 1935. In the words of Dr B R Ambedkar, ‘the Directive Principles are like the instrument of instructions, which were issued to the Governor-General and to the Governors of the colonies of India by the British Government under the Government of India Act of 1935. What is called Directive Principles is merely another name for the instrument of instructions. The only difference is that they are instructions to the legislature and the executive’.

Explanation: The rights and duties of the citizens are correlative and inseparable, the original constitution contained only the fundamental rights and not the fundamental duties. In other words, the framers of the Constitution did not feel it necessary to incorporate the fundamental duties of the citizens in the Constitution. However, they incorporated the duties of the State in the Constitution in the form of Directive Principles of State Polity. Later in 1976, the fundamental duties of citizens were added in the Constitution. In 2002, one more Fundamental Duty was added.

Explanation: Article 368 provides for two types of amendments, that is, by a special majority of Parliament and also through the ratification of half of the states by a simple majority. But, some other articles provide for the amendment of certain provisions of the Constitution by a simple majority of Parliament, that is, a majority of the members of each House present and voting (similar to the ordinary legislative process). Notably, these amendments are not deemed to be amendments of the Constitution for the purposes of Article 368.

Explanation:
•Members : India, Brazil, Germany and Japan
•All members support each other’s bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council
•Formed in 2004
•Each of these four countries has figured among the elected non-permanent members of the council since the UN’s establishment.
•Their economic and political influence has grown significantly in the last decades, reaching a scope comparable to the permanent members (P5)

Explanation: Gujral Doctrine is considered as a milestone in India’s foreign policy. It was rendered by Mr. Inder Kumar Gujral, the Minister of External Affairs in H. D. Deve Gowda Government in 1996. This theory says that “India” as a bigger country of South Asia should give one-sided concession to her small neighbours and have cordial relations with them.
•The Basic mantra of “Gujral Doctrine” was that India would have to establish faithful relationship with her neighbouring countries i.e. Maldives, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan.
•India should have resolved all kind of disputes (border, economic etc.) with her neighbouring countries. If India have done something favourbale with her neighbours then India need not to seek anything in return from neighbours.
•No South Asian country should allow its territory to be used against the interest of another country of the region.
•No country should interfere in one another’s internal matters.
• All South Asian nations will resolve the dispute through peaceful bilateral negotiations.