Daily Quiz #19 UPSC Prelims Marathon – July 22, 2019

Explanation: The major factors responsible for the people’s resentment and uprisings against the Company rule are as follows.
•Colonial land revenue settlements, heavy burden of new taxes, eviction of peasants from their lands, and encroachments on tribal lands.
•Exploitation in rural society coupled with the growth of intermediary revenue collectors, tenants and moneylenders.
•Expansion of revenue administration over tribal lands leading to the loss of tribal people’s hold over agricultural and forest land.
•Promotion of British manufactured goods, heavy duties on Indian industries, especially export duties, leading to devastation of Indian handloom and handicraft industries.
•Destruction of indigenous industry leading to migration of workers from industry to agriculture, increasing the pressure on land/agriculture.

Explanation: The disastrous famine of 1770 and the harsh economic order of the British compelled a group of sanyasis in Eastern India to fight the British yoke. Originally peasants, even some evicted from land, these sanyasis were joined by a large number of dispossessed small zamindars, disbanded soldiers and rural poor. They raided Company factories and the treasuries, and fought the Company’s forces. It was only after a prolonged action that Warren Hastings could subdue the sanyasis. Equal participation of Hindus and Muslims characterised the uprisings, sometimes referred to as the Fakir Rebellion. Majnum Shah (or Majnu Shah), Chirag Ali, Musa Shah, Bhawani Pathak and Debi Chaudhurani were important leaders. Debi Chaudhurani’s participation recognizes the women’s role in early resistances against the British.
Anandamath, a semi-historical novel by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, is based on the Sanyasi Revolt.

Explanation: It was the British intruder who broke up the Indian handloom and destroyed the spinning-wheel. England began with depriving the Indian cottons from the European market; it then introduced twist into Hindustan and in the end inundated the very mother country of cotton with cottons.” -Karl Marx.

Explanation: the harappan society was an urban society, comprising mostly of the middle classes.
•The harappans were great experts in the use of the potter’s wheel but were poor in artistic works of stone.
•A lot of terracotta has been found at many sites, including figurines of animals such as bulls, buffaloes, dogs, monkeys, toy carts, and humans.
•The harappans refined the art of bead-making, and jewellary excavated includes gold and silver jewellary.
•Harappan people generally wore garments of cotton/wool.

Explanation: Alauddin Khilji maintained a strong and huge standing army to safeguard his empire.He introduced the system of branding of horses (dagh) and maintenance of descriptive register of soldiers to prevent false musters and corrupt practices. Alauddin abolished the Jagir system and paid the salaries in cash. He fixed the pay of soldiers at 234 tankas a year, with an additional 78 tankas for a soldier maintaining two horses. Ariz-i-Mumalik was in charge of the appointment of soldiers.