Daily Quiz #58 UPSC Prelims Marathon – January 10, 2020

Explanation: Dharwar system is later than the Archean system but older than the other systems. The Dharwar period of rock formation has been largely fixed from 2500 million years ago to 1800 million years ago. Dharwar Rock System is special because it is the first metamorphic sedimentary rocks in India. They are named Dharwar system because they were first studied in Dharwar region of Karnataka. But they are also found in Aravallis, Tamil Nadu, Chotanagpur plateau, Meghalaya, Delhi, and the Himalayas region. The Dharwar rocks are rich in iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, gold, silver etc.

Explanation: Meadows or Bugyals as it is referred to as in local dialect, are alpine pasture lands found at an elevation of 3300 mts to 4000 m in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand state. During the spring season, the sloped and flat meadows are covered with green grass or seasonal alpine flora. It is the favorite grazing ground for the cattle of tribal herdsman.
The Bugyals in Uttarakhand remain covered with snow in winters and come alive with beautiful seasonal alpine flora and green glass in spring. Uttarakhand Bugyals are one of the most scenic places to travel and roam and bring you closer to nature. Marvel at the best Bugyals of Uttarakhand and enjoy the bliss of being in tune with mother Earth. Below are the list of some of the most beautiful Bugyals of Uttarakhand.

Explanation: Valleys start as small and narrow rills. These rills will progressively develop into long and wide gullies. The gullies will again deepen, widen and lengthen to give rise to valleys. The valley types depend upon the type and structure of rocks in which they form. Depending upon sizes and shapes, several types of valleys like V-shaped valley, gorge, canyon, etc. can be recognized. Some of the major valleys are:
•Araku Valley, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
•Barak Valley, Assam
•Betaab Valley, Jammu and Kashmir
•Bhakra Nangal Valley, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh
•Chamba Valley, Himachal Pradesh
•Chambal Valley, Madhya Pradesh
•Damodar Valley, West Bengal
•Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh
•Imphal Valley, Manipur
•Indus Valley, Jammu and Kashmir
•Kambam Valley, Tamil Nadu
•Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh
•Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir
•Kaveri Valley, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
•Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh
•Lidder Valley, Jammu and Kashmir
•Mahanadi Valley, Odisha and Chhattisgarh
•Mandakini Valley, Kedarnath, Uttarakhand
•Narmada Valley, Madhya Pradesh
•Pin Valley, Himachal Pradesh
•Silent Valley, Palakkad District, Kerala
•Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh (India) and Tibet (China)
•Tlawng Valley, Mizoram
•Yumthang Valley, Sikkim
•Zanskar Valley, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir
•Zoji La Valley, Jammu and Kashmir

Explanation: The correct sequence of the vegetation that would be encountered can be seen from the given below map.

Explanation: The moon revolves around the Earth, and as it does, we see different angles of the moon’s illuminated surface. The moon doesn’t create its own light, but rather shines when it reflects the sun’s light. As the moon transitions from new to full and back to new again, it goes through several phases, marked by its recognizable crescent and gibbous (“bulging”) shapes, which are created by the moon’s own shadow. The moon phases are:
•New moon
•Waxing crescent
•First quarter/Half-moon
•Waxing gibbous
•Full moon
•Waning Gibbous
•Third quarter/Half-moon
•Waning crescent
•New moon