Daily Quiz #6 UPSC Prelims Marathon – October 9, 2019

Explanation: The Indian Constitution has established an integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at the top and the high court’s below it. Under a high court (and below the state level), there is a hierarchy of subordinate courts, that is, district courts and other lower courts.
This single system of courts, adopted from the Government of India Act of 1935, enforces both Central laws as well as the state laws. The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on January 28, 1950. It succeeded the Federal Court of India, established under the Government of India Act of 1935. However, the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is greater than that of its predecessor. This is because; the Supreme Court has replaced the British Privy Council as the highest court of appeal.

Explanation: A person to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court should have the following qualifications:
1. He should be a citizen of India.
2. (A) He should have been a judge of a High Court (or high courts in succession) for five years; or (B) He should have been an advocate of a High Court (or High Courts in succession) for ten years; or (C) He should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the president.
From the above, it is clear that the Constitution has not prescribed a minimum age for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court.

Explanation: The Constitution has not fixed the tenure of a judge of the Supreme Court. However, it makes the following three provisions in this regard:
1. He holds office until he attains the age of 65 years. Any question regarding his age is to be determined by such authority and in such manner as provided by Parliament.
2. He can resign his office by writing to the president.
3. He can be removed from his office by the President on the recommendation of the Parliament.

Explanation: In a joint statement issued at the end of a bilateral summit meeting in Tokyo between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart, Shinzo Abe, India and Japan agreed to begin formal negotiations over a so-called acquisition and cross-servicing agreement (ACSA), which would allow the Indian military and the Japan Self Defense Force (JSDF) to use each other’s bases for logistical support. “The two leaders welcomed the joint exercise between each of the three services and the commencement of negotiations on the Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA), which will enhance the strategic depth of bilateral security and defense cooperation,”.

Explanation: It is a law passed by US Congress one year back in 2017. It aims to counter the aggression by Iran, Russia and North Korea through punitive measures. The Act specifically aims to impose sanctions on Russian oil & gas, defence, security and financial sector.