Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – February 11, 2019

Statement 1 is correct. The Indian National Congress Benares session was presided over by G.K. Gokhale.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The goal of the Indian National Congress as ‘self-government or Swaraj like that of the United Kingdom or the Colonies’ was declared at the Calcutta session (1906). It was presided by Dadabhai Naoroji.

Statement 3 incorrect. At the Benaras session of the Indian National Congress presided over by Gokhale, the Moderate-Extremist differences came to the fore. The Extremists wanted to extend the Boycott and Swadeshi Movement to regions outside Bengal and also to include all forms of associations (such as government service, law courts, legislative councils, etc.) within the boycott programme and thus start a nationwide mass movement.

The Extremists wanted a strong resolution supporting their programme at the Benaras session. The Moderates, on the other hand, were not in favour of extending the movement beyond Bengal and were totally opposed to boycott of councils and similar associations. They advocated strictly constitutional methods to protest against the partition of Bengal. As a compromise, a relatively mild resolution condemning the partition of Bengal and the reactionary policies of Curzon and supporting the Swadeshi and boycott programme in Bengal was passed. This succeeded in averting a split for the moment.

The Swadeshi Movement fizzled out by 1908 due to the following reasons:

1. Severe government repression.
2. Lack of effective organisation and a disciplined focus.
3. With arrest, deportation of all leaders, the movement left leaderless.
4. Split in nationalist ranks.
5. Narrow social base.

Annulment of Partition of Bengal was done in 1911 in Delhi Durbar after waning away of Swadeshi movement. Thus, statement 4 is incorrect.

Dr. Ambedkar founded Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha and Independent Labour Party (ILP).

The Peasants and Workers Party of India was founded in 1947. The party was founded in Maharashtra by Tulsidas Jadhav, Keshavrao Jedhe and others.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the founder of the Servants of India Society.  He wanted to build a dedicated group of people for social service and reforms. In the field of famine relief, union organisation, cooperatives and uplift of tribals and depressed, the Society did commendable work.

ll the statements are correct except statement 2. The revolt of 1857 marks a turning point in the history of India. It led to changes in the system of administration and the policy of the Government.

As a result of the revolt, the era of annexations and expansion ended and the British promised to respect the dignity and rights of the native princes.

All the pairs are correctly matched.

Statement 1 is incorrect. In Vedic society, monogamy was generally practiced while polygamy was prevalent among the royal and noble families. There was no child marriage and the practice of sati was absent.

Statement 2 is incorrect. In the later Vedic period, a large number of new officials were involved in the administration in addition to the existing purohita, senani and gramani. They include the treasury officer, tax collector and royal messenger. At the lower levels, the administration was carried on by the village assemblies. The importance of the Samiti and the Sabha had diminished during the later Vedic period.