Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – February 28, 2019

The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), an autonomous body under the Ministry of AYUSH has undertaken development of a coded drug AYUSH QOL-2C for improving the quality of life in cancer patients.

The clinical studies were conducted at St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru and AIIMS, New Delhi in breast cancer patients and at Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur in lung cancer patients. It is not possible to compare the expenditure on research on cancer in Ayurveda viz-à-viz Allopathy as it depends upon variables like methodology, parameters etc. adopted for research.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has launched a next-generation satellite called the Joint Polar Satellite System-1 (JPSS-1) into space. JPSS-1 is a joint venture between NASA and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It was launched into orbit atop United Launch Alliance-built Delta II rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. It will be renamed NOAA-20 when it reaches its final orbit.

Statement 2 is correct. JPSS-1 is highly advanced polar-orbiting satellite that will orbit Earth 14 times each day from one pole to other at 824 kms above planet, providing scientists full global coverage twice a day. JPSS-1 carries a suite of five advanced instruments designed to take global measurements of atmospheric, land and sea conditions from sea surface temperatures, volcanic ash, hurricane intensity and many more.

Both the statements are correct. The food material taken in during the process of nutrition is used in cells to provide energy for various life processes. Diverse organisms do this in different ways – some use oxygen to break-down glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water, some use other pathways that do not involve oxygen.

In all cases, the first step is the breakdown of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm. Further, the pyruvate may be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process takes place in yeast during fermentation. Since this process takes place in the absence of air (oxygen), it is called anaerobic respiration.

Animals have evolved different organs for the uptake of oxygen from the environment and for getting rid of the carbon dioxide produced. Terrestrial animals can breathe the oxygen in the atmosphere, but animals that live in water need to use the oxygen dissolved in water. Since the amount of dissolved oxygen is fairly low compared to the amount of oxygen in the air, the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is much faster than that seen in terrestrial organisms.

The fuel value is defined as the amount of heat produced in calories or joules when one gram of a substance (fuel) is completely burnt.

Fuel                                            Calorific Value (KJ/g)

Hydrogen                                         150

Natural gas                                       55

Gasoline                                           45

Charcoal                                           30

Antigen is a foreign substance living or non living that trigger immune system by way of antibody formation and these antibodies neutralize antigens.The majority of them are proteins and polysaccharides found on the wall of bacteria and on the cell coats of virus

1/2 life = 4 months after 4 months it will be half of the previous quantity that is 1/2  +1/2 of 1/2 = 3/4 (75%) of the substance it take 8 months.

China launched world’s first fully electric cargo ship in Guangzhou, capital city of Guangdong province (November, 2017). It is the first ship in the world to use lithium ion battery. The ship will be mainly used to run in inland section of Pearl River for carrying coal for generation of electric power.