Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – January 4, 2019

Only Statement 1 is incorrect – It is a Ramsar site which is located in the deltaic region of Brahmani and Baitarni rivers.

About Bhitarkanika mangroves:

The Bhitarkanika Mangroves are a mangrove wetland in India’s Odisha(Orissa) state.

The Bhitarkanika Mangroves cover an area of 650 km² in the river delta of the Brahmani and Baitarani rivers.

All the above mentioned species are endemic to Western Ghats

Mammals Endemic to Western Ghats:

There are at least 139 mammal species. Of the 16 endemic mammals, 13 are threatened and amongst the 32 threatened species include the critically endangered Malabar large-spotted civet, the endangered lion-tailed macaque, Nilgiri tahr, Bengal tiger and Indian elephants, the vulnerable Indian leopard, Nilgiri langur and gaur

Birds Endemic to Western Ghats:

16 species of birds endemic to the Western Ghats including the endangered rufous-breasted laughingthrush, the vulnerable Nilgiri wood-pigeon, white-bellied shortwing and broad-tailed grassbird, the near threatened grey-breasted laughingthrush, black-and-rufous flycatcher, Nilgiri flycatcher, and Nilgiri pipit, and the least concern Malabar (blue-winged) parakeet, Malabar grey hornbill, white-bellied treepie, grey-headed bulbul, rufous babbler, Wynaad laughingthrush, white-bellied blue-flycatcher and the crimson-backed sunbird.

Statement 1 and 3 is incorrect. This can be understood from the given explanation

What is cloud burst?

Cloudbursts occur because the warm air current from the ground or below the clouds rushes up and carries the falling raindrops up with it.

A cloudburst is short-term extreme precipitation that takes place over a small area;

If rainfall of about 10 cm or above per hour is recorded over a place that is roughly 10 km x 10 km in it area.

A cloudburst would therefore account for 10-12 per cent of the annual rainfall of that area in just an hour.

Why do cloudbursts happen mostly in the mountains and hilly areas?

Cloudbursts do happen in plains as well, but there is a greater probability of them occurring in mountainous zones.

Cloudbursts happen when saturated clouds are unable to produce rain because of the upward movement of very warm current of air. Raindrops, instead of dropping down, are carried upwards by the air current.

New drops are formed and existing raindrops gain in size. After a point, the raindrops become too heavy for the cloud to hold on to, and they drop down together in a quick flash. Hilly terrains aid in heated air currents rising vertically upwards, thereby, increasing the probability of a cloudburst situation.

Coastal landforms, any of the relief features present along any coast, the result of a combination of processes, sediments, and the geology of the coast itself.

There are two major types of coastal morphology: one is dominated by erosion and the other by deposition. They exhibit distinctly different landforms, though each type may contain some features of the other. In general, erosional coasts are those with little or no sediment, whereas depositional coasts are characterized by abundant sediment accumulation over the long term.

Erosional Landform-Sea cliff, Wave cut platform, sea stacks, sea arches

Depositional Landform: Deltas,Beaches,Coastal dunes,Barriers,spits

Statement 1 is incorrect:

When a large mass of the ocean water moves in a definite path just like a large river on the continent, it is called as a Stream.

Statement 2 is incorrect:

Any large system of rotating ocean current, particularly those involved with large wind movements is called as a Gyre

GODAVARI:

Largest river system of the Peninsular India and is next only to the Ganga system in India.

It originates at Trimbak plateau of north Sahyadri near Nasik (Maharashtra)

Left bank tributaries; Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga,Indravati and Sabri.

Right Bank tributaries: Manjra.

NAFCC is a flagship Scheme of Government of India, which provides 100 per cent grant to the State Governments for implementing climate change adaptation projects.

The Scheme is designed to fulfill the objectives of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and to operationalize the State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs).

These projects address vulnerabilities in climate sensitive sectors like agriculture, animal husbandry, water, forests and coasts among others.

The project outcomes are expected to increase resilience and adaptive capacity of vulnerable communities and ecosystems against climate change impacts.