Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon- July 31

A stupa   is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics that is used as a place of meditation. It has following features

Anda:

The typical central monastery stupa is a massive hemispherical dome called the anda, which, according to tradition, housed relics of the Buddha.

Vedika:

The whole structure is surrounded by a larger fence, also called a vedika, through which the devotee could enter via four toranas or gateways.

Toranas:

They are gateways having sculptures depicting Jataka tale

Harmika:

The harmika is a small platform with a railing located at the very top of a stupa. Sometimes umbrellas were mounted in the harmika as a symbol of honour and respect.

Explanation:

• Goshala Maskariputra was the founder of Ajivikas sect.
• He was contemporary of Vardhman Mahavir and even remained his companion before the enlightenment of Mahavira.
• He disassociated himself from Mahavira on spiritual issue.
• Buddha, Mahavira and Goshala were contemporaries and the contemporary king was Ajatsatru of Maghadha.

Important learning about Ajivika sect:

Ajivikas are followers of the doctrine of immutability or pre-determined belonging to the religious order. The basic theme of ajivikism is the doctrine of niyati or destiny. The main source of information on ajivikism is Bhagwati Sutra.

Vishnu Gupt, the legendary Chanakya, the brain and spirit behind the removal of Greeks from India and establishment of Mauryan Dynasty over Maghdhan Empire, was also follower of Ajivika sect.

Explanation:

Both the statement is correct.

Important learning about Cheiraoba:

• Cheiraoba also called Sajibu Cheiraoba is an annual and religious festival which is held in April.
• The Meitei tribes are particular about celebrating this festival. They worship the deity called ‘Sidaba Mapu’.
• They believe this festival is auspicious because this is held at the joining of two years. So, it is their duty to pay respect to the deity for good fortune
• This is a major and sacred festival for the people of Manipur. The residents clean up their households and adorn them. It is the time when they visit friends and relatives and exchange gifts.
• On this day, the locals climb adjacent hill tops since they believe the act symbolizes rise of human civilization and help them in reaching the great heights in their life.

Statement 1 is incorrect:

Immediate release of political prisoners not convicted for violence

Statement 2 is Incorrect:

Public inquiry of police excesses and commutation of Bhagat Singh and his comrades’ death sentence to life sentence were two demands of Gandhi which was rejected by Lord Irwin. Hence this was not included in the act

Other Important  provisions were:

• Right to make salt in coastal village for personal consumption.
• Withdrawal of emergency ordinance.
• Remission of all fines not yet collected.
• Return of all land not yet sold to third party.
• Right to peaceful and non-aggressive picketing

Kaivalya is a state of solitude, aloneness, isolation and detachment. The word is derived from the Sanskrit kevala, meaning “alone” or “isolated.” It is a separation of purusha (Self or Soul) from prakriti (primal matter). The state of kaivalya is the main goal of Raja yoga. It is a detachment and independence from relationships, egoism, attraction, aversion and the cycle of birth and death. One can achieve this state by performing austerities, yoga practice and discipline. One who achieves this state is called a Kevalin.

The correct chronological order is

1905 – The First Partition of Bengal

1906 – Formation of Muslim League

1916 – Home Rule League

1918 – Rowlatt Act evokes protests (Rowlatt act satyagraha)

1919 – Jallianwalla Bagh massacre;

All the statement is correct.

Important learning about Justice Party:(Important because it turned 100yrs)

• The Justice Party was established in 1917 as the South Indian Liberal federation by Sir P. Theagaroya Chetty and Dr. T. M. Nair as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the Madras Presidency.
• The formation of the SILF or the Justice Party marked the culmination of a series of failed efforts to establish an organisation representing the non-Brahmins of the Presidency.
• It opposed Brahmins in civil service and politics, and this anti-Brahmin attitude shaped many of its ideas and policies. It opposed Annie Besant and her Home rule movement, because it believed home rule would benefit the Brahmins.
• The party also campaigned against the non-cooperation movement in the presidency. It was at odds with M. K. Gandhi, primarily due to his praise for Brahminism.
• The early political work of the party involved petitioning the imperial administrative bodies and British politicians demanding more representation for non-Brahmins in administration and in the government.
• In 1920, elections were held in the Madras Presidency as per the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms. The Justice party contested the elections and was elected to power.
• The party ruled the province for six years before giving way to the independent ministry of P. Subbarayan in 1926. The Justice Party, however, recaptured power in the Presidency in the 1930 elections and ruled till 1937 when it lost to the Indian National Congress.
• It never recovered from the defeat and was eventually withdrawn from politics in 1944 by its then President E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker.
• The Justice Party’s period in power is remembered for the introduction of caste-based affirmative action and also for the educational and religious reforms it introduced.
• The Justice Party under E. V. Ramasami spearheaded the anti-Hindi agitations of 1937 and allied with Mohammad Ali Jinnah in its demand for separation from the Indian union