Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – March 12, 2018

All of the statements are correct about the initiatives were undertaken by Gandhiji during his stay in Africa.

During the moderate phase of the struggle (1894-1906) Gandhi set up the Natal Indian Congress and started a paper Indian opinion. The second phase of the struggle which began in 1906, was characterized by the use of the method of passive resistance or civil disobedience, which Gandhi named Satyagraha.

It was first used when the Government enacted legislation making it compulsory for Indians to take out certificates of registration which held their fingerprints. The Indians under Gandhi’s leadership decided not to submit to this discriminatory measure.

The campaign was widened to include protest against a new legislation imposing restrictions on Indian migration. The poll tax of three pounds imposed on ex-indentured Indians and invalidation of Indian marriages further widened the campaign.

The caves excavated at Ellora are associated with three different religious creeds, viz., Buddhism, Brahmanism and Jainism. The caves are datable from circa 6th – 7th century A.D. to 11th – 12th century A.D. In total, there are nearly 100 caves in the hill range out of which 34 caves are famous and visited by many tourists, out of which Caves 1 to 12 are Buddhist; Caves 13 to 29 are Brahmanical and Caves 30 to 34 are Jaina. Two more groups of caves are noticed on the Elaganga and on an upper terrace, namely, the Ganesh Leni and Jogeshwari Leni.

First Lucknow session: Romesh Chunder Dutt presided over the first Lucknow session held in 1899. He was a civil servant, writer, translator of Mahabharata and Ramayana, and an economic historian.

Statement 1 is correct. The early nationalist did not want a direct struggle. The nature of early nationalists was constitutional struggle within established constitutional framework. The political demands were moderate in nature, with absence of mass mobilization. Early nationalists were fully aware of the fact that India had just entered the process of becoming a nation. Therefore, they wanted to create a national unity.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Direct struggle was not the agenda of the early nationalist.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The ‘Rajagopalachari formula’ wanted to solve the constitutional crisis occurred due to the failure of the Cripps Mission.

Statement 2 is correct. While the Congress was ready to corporate with the league for the independence of the Indian Union, the League did not care for independence of the Union. It was only interested in a separate nation. Jinnah wanted the Congress to accept the two-nation theory.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Wavell Plan wanted an executive council with all Indian members except the governor-general and the commander-in-chief.

Statement 2 and 3 are correct.

The fifth Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1906. It was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji