Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon- September 25

Government of India Act of 1935 was passed on the basis of –

• the report of the Simon Commission
• the outcome of the Round Table Conferences
• the White Paper issued by the British Government in 1933

Main features of this act were –

• Provision for the establishment of an All India Federation at the Centre, consisting of the Provinces of British India and the Princely States
• It did not come into existence since the Princely States refused to give their consent for the union
• Division of powers into three lists viz. Federal, Provincial and Concurren
• Introduction of Diarchy at the Centre
• The Governor-General and his councilors administered the “Reserved subjects”
• The Council of Ministers were responsible for the “Transferred” subjects
• Abolition of Diarchy and the introduction of Provincial Autonomy in the provinces.
• The Governor was made the head of the Provincial Executive but he was expected (not bound) to run the administration on the advice of the Council of ministers.
• Provincial Legislatures of Bengal, Madras, Bombay, United Provinces, Bihar and Assam were made bicameral.
• Extension of the principle of Separate Electorates to Sikhs, Europeans, Indian Christians and Anglo Indians
• Establishment of a Federal Court at Delhi with a Chief Justice and 6 judges.

• Communist Party of India- 1920- Tashkent- M.N. Roy
• Labour KisanParty- 1923- M.Singaravelu
• The Bolshevik Party of India-1939 – N.D. Mazumdar
• Radical Democratic Party- 1940 – M.N. Roy
• Independence Labour Party – B.R. Ambedkar

Statement 1 is Incorrect:

• Shimlaconference was convened by the viceroy, Lord Wavell; at Shimla in June 1945To discuss the provisions of the Wavell Plan.
• Aimed to reconstruct the governor general’s executive council pending the preparation of a new constitution.

Statement 2 is Correct:

• Gandhi was not a delegate to the conference, though he was consulted by the Viceroy and the Congress working committee.
• The conference broke down on the insistence of Jinnah that his party should have an exclusive right to nominate Muslim members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council. This was something which the Congress could not concede without repudiating its national composition.

Statement 1 and 2 are Correct:

First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82):

• The then Maratha Peshwa, NarayanRao died without an heir.
• The birth of a posthumous son to NarayanRao then drove RaghunathRao to desperation and he eventually signed the Treaty of Surat in 1775 with the Bombay government with hopes to gain the throne with the help of English troops.
• By the treaty of Surat, RaghunathaRao had promised to cede Salsette and Bassein, and also refrain from forming an alliance with the Company enemies.
• In the First Anglo Maratha war that followed, none of the two parties were gaining ground and finally realized the futility of the struggle.
• The treaty of Salbai in 1782 which ended the first Anglo Maratha War. By the Treaty of Salbai, there was peace between with the Marathas

The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1806):

• BajiRao II fled to Bassein and signed a subsidiary alliance with the British. Under the treaty of Bassein, the Peshawa surrendered the city of Surat and to gave up claims for chauth on Nizam’s dominions.
• With the efforts of Sir George Barlow the Holkar signed the Treaty of Rajpurghat in 1805 under which the Maratha chiefs gave up their claims to areas to the north of river Chambal, over Bundelkhand, and other allies of the Company.
• This treaty of Rajpurghat marked the end of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.

Statement 3 is Incorrect:

The third and the final battle of the Anglo-Maratha struggle began after coming of Lord Hastings as the Governor-General in year 1813

Both the statements are correct:

The Faqir and Sanyasi Rebellions (1770–1820s):

• The establishment of British control over Bengal after 1757 led to increase in land revenue and the exploitation of the peasants. T
• he Bengal famine of 1770 led peasants whose lands were confiscated, displaced zamindars, disbanded soldiers and poor to come together in a rebellion. They were joined by the Sanyasis and Fakirs.
• The Faqirs were a group of wandering Muslim religious mendicants in Bengal.
• Two famous Hindu leaders who supported them were BhawaniPathak and a woman, Devi Choudhurani.
• The Sanyasi Uprisings took place in Bengal between the periods of 1770- 1820s.
• The Sanyasis rose in rebellion after the great famine of 1770 in Bengal which caused acute chaos and misery.

However, the immediate cause of the rebellion was the restrictions imposed by the British upon pilgrims visiting holy places among both Hindus and Muslims

Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1325 – 1351)

• Real name was Jauna Khan.
• To have better administration of southern parts of the Empire, Muhammad moved the capital from Delhi to Devagiri in the Deccan, renaming that city Devagiri as Daulatabad.
• Instead of moving just his government offices there, he forcibly moved the entire population of Delhi to the new capital.The plan failed due to inadequate water supply arrangements in Devagiri; the capital had to be shifted back again to Delhi after two years.
• A vast amount of the population died during the moves due to the inadequate travel arrangements. It was said that Delhi was a ghost town for years after the move back.
• The Empire of Vijaynagar, The Bahmani kingdom and Sultanate of Madura were founded. • A new department for agriculture Dewan – i – Kohi was setup.
• He knew Arabic and Persian languages. He was also an expert in philosophy, astronomy, logic and mathematics. He was also a good calligrapher.
• He built the fortress of Adilabad and the city of Jahanpanah.

The famous traveller, IbnBatuta came to Delhi during 1334. He acted as the Quazi of the capital for 8 years. He has recorded the contemporary Indian scene in his ‘Safarnamah’ (called Rehla).

All are correctly matched