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Source– This post is based on the article “IISER Bhopal researchers conduct first genome sequencing of jamun” published in “The Indian Express” on 6th December 2023.
Why in the News?
Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal have completed the first-ever genome sequencing of the jamun tree (Syzygium cumini).
What is Genome Sequencing?
Genome sequencing is a process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome.
Why was Jamun chosen for Genome Sequencing?
1) Syzygium cumini, more commonly known as jamun, is popular in India for its medicinal properties, fruit and ornamental value.
2) Fruit seed extracts of jamun have well-known anti-diabetic properties and is highly recommended in Ayurveda to treat a variety of health ailments.
3) The research aimed to gain new insights from the jamun genome and better understand its pharmacological properties (such as its anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties)
What are the Major Findings of the Research?
1) Additional genetic material- The jamun genome has a higher number of coding genes (gene that contains instructions that tell a cell how to synthesize a specific protein) resulting from gene duplication. The generation of new genetic material under gene duplication allows jamun to acquire novel functions.
2) Various classes of Metabolites– The presence of various metabolites (substance formed during metabolism) was responsible for its anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties.
3) Adaptive evolution in jamun– Jamun has various genes that make the plant rugged and improve its stress tolerance to factors like weeds and insects that induce damage, heat stress, salinity, and drought.
What is the significance of this research?
The understanding of metabolites and their associated benefits can be used in future projects of genetic engineering of other plants.
UPSC Syllabus- Science & Technology/ Environment
