Source: The post global rise in diabetes has been created, based on the article “Growing epidemic: India has to scale up diagnosis to meet the 2030 WHO target for diabetes” published in “The Hindu” on 16th November 2024
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2- Governance-Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health,
Context: The article highlights the global rise in diabetes, especially in India, due to unhealthy lifestyles and improved diagnosis methods. It emphasizes the role of tobacco in increasing diabetes risk and stresses the need for better diagnosis and glycaemic control in India.
For detailed information on Lancet study: About a quarter of diabetics globally are in India read this article here
What is the global diabetes trend?
- Global diabetes cases quadrupled from 200 million in 1990 to over 800 million in 2022.
- Adult diabetes prevalence rose from 7% to 14% in the same period.
Why is diabetes increasing in India?
- High Prevalence: India has the highest number of diabetics globally, with 212 million cases, compared to China’s 148 million.
- Undiagnosed Cases: 133 million Indians over 30 years remain undiagnosed, the highest worldwide.
- Diet and Lifestyle: Unhealthy diets rich in carbohydrates and saturated fats, along with sedentary lifestyles, are major contributors.
- Tobacco Use: Smoking increases diabetes risk by 30%-40%, as nicotine impairs insulin production and causes resistance.
- Improved Diagnosis: New methods, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) tests, identify more cases, especially in South Asia, than earlier single-biomarker methods.
How can diabetes be managed?
- Early diagnosis is critical. WHO’s 2030 target aims for 80% diagnosis and good glycaemic control for diagnosed cases.
- Managing gestational diabetes reduces the risk of diabetes in both mothers and children.
- Avoiding tobacco lowers diabetes risk and improves heart health.
Question for practice:
Discuss the factors contributing to the rise of diabetes globally and in India, and the strategies for its effective management.
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