Importance of Arctic for India

Source-This post on Importance of Arctic for India has been created based on the article “India’s Arctic imperative” published in “The Hindu” on 16 April 2024.

UPSC Syllabus-GS Paper-2-International relations- Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

Context– In March 2024, India has successfully completed its first winter mission in the Arctic. While scientists will be proud, India’s previous hesitation to undertake a year-round Arctic mission needs reflection. For more than ten years, India’s National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research didn’t find the necessity of winter Arctic mission.

What are the reasons for Indias change in policy towards the Arctic region?

1) Climate change-Scientific data revealed that the Arctic was warming faster than expected. When proof linked severe climate events in India to the melting Arctic Sea ice, decision-makers felt the need to change policy towards the Arctic.

2) Geo-economic reasons– New Delhi is interested in using Arctic Sea routes, especially the Northern Sea Route, for Indian trade. This could lower costs and save time, fuel, and enhance security for shipping goods.

3) Geopolitical reasons-Russia’s decision to grant China an expanded access to the Northern Sea Route has necessitated the need of enhanced involvement of India in the arctic region.

What is Indias present policy towards Arctic regions?

India’s current policy is to work with Arctic nations on green energy and clean industries to enhance its reputation as a responsible stakeholder.

1) Denmark and Finland- India has collaborated in areas such as waste management, pollution control, renewable energy, and green technology.

2) Norway– Ties with Norway will emphasize on scientific research and climate/environmental protection. These are 2 of India’s six Arctic Policy pillars. Partnership with Norway could help in tackling issues such as the blue economy, connectivity, maritime transportation, investment and infrastructure, and responsible resource development.

Read more- Governance of the Arctic

While India is interested in benefiting from seabed mining and resource exploitation in the Arctic, it should demonstrate its commitment to the principle of environmental sustainability.

Question for practice

Highlight the reasons for Indias change in policy towards the Arctic region?