India adopts conciliatory approach towards China relations

Source: The post India adopts conciliatory approach towards China relations has been created, based on the article “China ties — beware conciliation without deterrence” published in “The Hindu” on 25th March 2025

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper2-International Relations-India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Context: India has recently adopted a more conciliatory tone towards China, evident from Prime Minister Modi’s remarks in a March podcast. This apparent shift in policy comes after heightened border tensions since 2020 and explores the strategic, diplomatic, and military dimensions of these evolving relations.

For detailed information on India and China agree to restore bilateral relations read this article here

Shift in India-China Relations

1. Podcast Statement: Prime Minister Modi advocated for a stable, cooperative relationship with China through dialogue, signaling a significant softening in rhetoric since the Ladakh border clash in 2020.
2. 2020 Border Clash Resolution: Post the violent encounters in Ladakh, both nations gradually disengaged from the key conflict zones, culminating in a disengagement agreement in October 2024.
3. Trade Growth Despite Tensions: Despite persistent diplomatic and military strains, trade between India and China surged to record highs, underscoring strong economic bonds.
4. Strategic Military Meetings: Concurrently, India engaged with Quad partners, showcasing a balanced strategy between conciliation with China and strategic alliances with other global powers.
5. Influence of U.S. Policy Fluctuations: The uncertainty in U.S. policies under the Trump administration has prompted India to balance its strategic engagements carefully, maintaining robust relationships with both China and Quad nations to protect its national interests.

Implications of a Conciliatory Approach for India’s Military Strategy

1. Reduction in Border Tensions: The series of conciliatory discussions and agreements since 2020 have eased military confrontations at key border sites.
2. Continued Economic Engagement: Despite a freeze in diplomatic interactions, the spike in trade indicates a preference for economic engagement over military confrontation.
3. Increased Dependence on Diplomacy: With the U.S. showing a shifting stance under Trump, particularly in defense support, India might focus more on diplomatic avenues with China.
4. Urgency in Military Modernization: Despite the peaceful overtures, the decline in defense investment poses risks, highlighting the need for rapid modernization and enhancement of military capabilities like submarines and fighter jets.

Way Forward

1. Continue Diplomatic Engagements: Modi’s approach should be used as a basis for sustained dialogue, vital for easing past tensions.
2. Invest in Defense Modernization: It’s critical to reverse the trend of declining defense budgets by prioritizing essential investments in advanced military technology.
3. Deepen Economic Ties: Capitalize on the thriving trade relations to bolster economic links, which could serve as a foundation for a stable bilateral relationship.
4. Monitor Global Political Shifts: India needs to remain adaptable to international political shifts, especially those emanating from the U.S., to ensure its strategic interests are not compromised.
5. Enhance Military Partnerships: Strengthen military cooperation with Quad nations through joint exercises and strategic planning to build a robust defense posture.

Conclusion

India’s shifting stance towards China combines diplomacy with strategic readiness. As relationships improve through dialogue and trade, India must also bolster its defense to ensure long-term security and maintain a balanced approach in the face of global and regional challenges.

Question for practice:

Discuss the implications of India’s conciliatory approach towards China on its military strategy and economic ties.