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Source: This post has been created based on the article “MDB reforms off the block”, published in the Business Standard on 5th October 2023.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 – International Relations – Important International institutions, agencies and fora– their structure, mandate.
News: This article discusses the reforms in Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) as an important outcome of G20’s Delhi Summit under India’s leadership. The role of MDBs such as World Bank and ADB in addressing global challenges such as climate change and maximising developmental impact is also highlighted.
Growing Role of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)
Firstly, there is an urgent need for mobilizing financial resources for combating climate change. For example, IMF has estimated the requirement of $5 trillion annually by 2030 for achieving Net-Zero by 2050.
Secondly, since governments have found themselves short of funds for implementing big projects, private investment is required to augment efforts. MDBs can attract private funds and work with other financial institutions.
Thirdly, the shortage of resources in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDE) to finance their climate transition and developmental projects can be supplemented by MDBs.
What should the MDBs do?
Work on a new operating model to increase their capacity to serve as “Climate Banks” and emerge as a solutions-provider for developing countries.
It is important for MDBs to catalyse private capital through the innovative use of risk transfers and blended finance.
MDBs will have to be innovative in mobilising capital from commercial banks as well as institutional investors, including pension funds, asset managers and insurance companies.
What should be done?
Trillions are needed to meet investment needs for climate adaptation and mitigation, disaster resilience, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, which is becoming increasingly difficult and costly. In this regard, MDBs will have a crucial role to play in assisting governments around the world. G20 Delhi Summit’s reform agenda for MDBs can help address issues in their functioning and augment their capacities.
