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News: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey signed the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement in Mecca to strengthen collective security amid tensions.
About Mecca Defence Pact
- Mecca Defence Pact is a joint defence agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey.
- The agreement is named the “Mecca Joint Defence Agreement”.
- Aim: The pact aims to strengthen collective deterrence against aggression and promote peace, security and stability in the region and beyond.
- Regional Context: The pact comes amid rising tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia, with Iran and allied groups targeting Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries.
- Earlier Cooperation: The pact builds on the 2025 Saudi Arabia-Pakistan defence agreement, which provided for mutual defence in case of an attack.
- Features:
- Mutual Defence: An armed attack against any one of the three countries would be regarded as an attack against all three.
- Defence Cooperation: The pact provides for enhancing all aspects of defence cooperation among the three countries.
- Strategic Weight: Turkey has NATO’s second-largest military, Saudi Arabia is the Gulf’s leading military power and major oil exporter, while Pakistan is the world’s only nuclear-armed Muslim-majority country.
- No Specific Obligations: The agreement does not specify the commitments or obligations of each country, making its practical application uncertain.
