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Source-This post on Multi-dimensional Impact of Heat Stress has been created based on the article “Heat stress is more than a degree of concern” published in “The Hindu” on 23 July 2024.
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Context– According to the ILO study in 2019, heat stress is expected to decrease total global working hours by 2.2% and reduce global GDP by US$2,400 billion by 2030. Agricultural and construction workers are predicted to be the most affected, accounting for 60% and 19% of the working hours lost due to heat stress in 2030, respectively.
The Asia-Pacific regions, including India, are set to experience significant GDP losses due to heat stress, with a projected 2.3% decrease by 2030. India’s annual temperatures are rising steadily, and by 2030, an estimated 160-200 million people may face deadly heat waves each year.
What are the multi-dimensional impacts of heat wave?
1) Physiological Effects- The body needs to maintain a core temperature around 37°C for normal physiological functions (IPCC). Temperatures above 38°C can impair cognitive and physical abilities.
2) Health Risks- Main effects of heat exposure include heat stroke, heat cramps, cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, and physical injuries. Women working in heat-exposed sectors are at risk of pregnancy-related complications.
3) Productivity Impact- Excessive heat makes it difficult to work, reducing productivity. Workers may need to operate at a slower pace. For ex-a study in West Bengal shows 1°C temperature increase leads to 2% productivity decrease for female brickmaking workers
4) Sustainable Development- Heat stress is expected to hinder the achievement of various Sustainable Development Goals.
5) Gender Disparities- Heat stress can worsen gender inequalities in the workforce, especially impacting women engaged in subsistence agriculture.
6) Food Security- Reduced working hours for small-scale and subsistence farmers could harm household food security.
What should be the way forward?
1) ‘Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention and Management of Heat Wave’– These guidelines assist officials in creating heatwave action plans for urban and rural areas, emphasizing public education, hydration, work schedules management, and access to medical facilities.
Read More-Heat Action Plans
2) International Labor Conference Recommendations -Urgent measures are needed to ensure worker safety and health, focusing on both mental and physical well-being in safe working environments.
3) Stakeholder Collaboration-Governments, employers, and workers must implement protective measures for vulnerable individuals. This includes developing infrastructure and improving early warning systems for extreme weather events.
4) Occupational Safety and Health- There is a need to improve the implementation of international labor standards and ensure suitable working conditions for those affected by heat stress.
5) Workplace Measures- Adjust work hours, ensure regular breaks, provide access to drinking water, and offer training on recognizing and managing heat stress.
6) Regulatory and Legislative Actions-There is a need to implement measures for heat-sensitive occupations and enforce construction standards to protect indoor workers.
7) Green Jobs– Promote green employment as a solution to climate challenges, focusing on jobs that protect the environment while boosting economic and social well-being.
Question for practice
What are the multi-dimensional impacts of heat wave? What should be the way forward?
