[Prelims 2020] [Part 3/4] List of Indices and Reports: Environment-related: World Water Development Report, Emission Gap Report, Global Environment Outlook and more

-Annual report

Key takeaways:

• Longer-term shifts in temperature and precipitation and day-to-day weather variations within the next 50 to 100 years would increasingly expose agriculture and impact food security
• The vulnerability to climate change in Indus and Ganga-Brahmaputra agricultural systems is very high and high respectively

Key takeaways:

• Climate change-induced water insecurity is a significant driver of instability and will pose a significant or higher risk to global security by 2030

-Annual report

Key takeaways:

• At the current pace, the world is heading for a 3.2°C temperature rise
• Greenhouse gas emissions had risen 1.5% per year over the last decade
• India is the third-largest emitter behind the United States and China respectively.

The assessment highlights the current state of the environment, illustrates possible future environmental trends and analyses the effectiveness of environmental policies.

Key takeaways:

• Environmental pollution is responsible for the premature deaths of nine million people a year
• Air pollution causes 6-7 million early deaths annually

Key takeaways:

• Bangladesh is the most polluted country
• India is the 5^th most polluted country
• 21 of the 30 most polluted cities in the world are located in India
• Ghaziabad ranked the world’s most polluted city

Note: Ranking is based on PM 2.5 levels

Key takeaway: Global average temperature in 2019 (January to October) was about 1.1 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial period.

• The report is a special report by IPCC which complement the main Assessment Reports that the IPCC publishes every five or six years.
• The report explains how land-based activities such as agriculture, forestry, cattle-rearing and urbanisation are causing global warming, and is affected by climate change.

Key takeaways:

• Up to one million of Earth’s estimated eight million plants, insect and animal species are at risk of extinction.

Key global threats:

• overexploitation of land and sea resources,
• illegal poaching,
• deforestation,
• plastic waste,
• fossil fuel emissions and climate change.

Key takeaways:

• USA and Saudi Arabia topmost polluters.
• India was ranked 9^th

Key takeaways:

• Japan, the Philippines, and Germany at the top for overall climate vulnerability in 2018.
• India was ranked 5^th

Key takeaway: levels of oxygen in the oceans fell by around 2% from 1960 to 2010.

• The report analysed how the natural assets would change under various future development scenarios and how the consequent changes in ecosystem services would in turn affect the global economy

-First edition

• It explains how nature-related risks matter to business, why they must be urgently mainstreamed into risk management strategies

–Annual report

• It provides strategic insight on the future of energy and energy-related emissions, and detailed scenarios that map out the consequences of different energy policy and investment choices.

Key takeaways: At present, the energy demand in the world is growing at a rate of 2% per year.