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Source-This post is based on the article “Meet the Punganur, dwarf cows that PM Modi fed on Makar Sankranti” published in “The Indian Express” on 16th January 2024.
Why in the News?
Recently, the Prime Minister was observed personally providing fodder to several Punganur cows at his residence in New Delhi.
About Punganur Cow
| Aspect | Details |
| About | It is an indigenous breed of cattle, native to Punganur village in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. |
| Features | 1. Size-They’re a distinctive dwarf breed, recognized as the world’s shortest humped cattle (Standing at just around 70-90 cm tall and weighing less than 200 kg). 2. Coat Color- Ranging from white, grey, and light brown to dark brown or red, some individuals may exhibit a combination of white with patches of red, brown, or black. 3. Harsh Climate Adaptability– This breed is well-suited to hot and arid climates. 4. Milk Yield- They are valued for their high-fat A2 type milk, perfect for ghee production, yielding 1 to 3 liters per day with 8% milk fat, surpassing other native breeds with 3 to 4% fat. |
| Population Distribution | Punganur cows are currently present not just in Andhra Pradesh but also in Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. |
| Conservation efforts | 1. The Andhra Pradesh government has launched “Mission Punganur” to boost the cattle population using IVF technology. 2. Centre has also sanctioned funds for the promotion of Punganur and other indigenous breeds of cattle in Telangana. |
What are the other indigenous breeds of cattle in India ?
1) In 2019, India had 192.49 million cattle population, out of which 50.42 million belonged to exotic breeds and crossbreeds.
2) The remaining larger chunk of 142.11 million belongs to the Indigenous breeds.
3) Gir, Sahiwal, Bargur, Onglore, and Kaangayam represent some other well-known indigenous cow breeds in India.
Significance of Punganur breed:
1) Beyond their economic and indigenous importance, these cows are revered as a ‘goldmine‘ in the region, playing a crucial role in local temple ceremonies.
2) The Vijayanagar Emperors supported this breed, and it has a historical connection to wealth and prosperity.
UPSC Syllabus- Environment
