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Source- This post on Rapa Nui is based on the article “Rapa Nui genomes restore the real history of an old, troubled people” published in The Hindu on 18th September 2024.
Why in News?
Studying Indigenous genomes reveals vital insights into population history, ecological adaptations, and human migration. Research on Rapa Nui genomes, for instance, helps debunk harmful stereotypes and misconceptions about Indigenous communities, showing how science can challenge derogatory myths.
About Rapa Nui Island
| Aspects | Description |
| About | Rapa Nui, or Easter Island, is one of the world’s most isolated inhabited islands with population of about 7,000. |
| Location | It is located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. |
| Geography | 1. Rapa Nui is a triangular island with an area of about 163.6 square kilometers. 2. It is of volcanic origin, consisting mainly of three extinct volcanoes: Terevaka, Poike, and Rano Kau. 3. The island has a temperate climate, with relatively cool temperatures throughout the year. |
| History | 1. Polynesians settled Rapa Nui around 1200 AD, developing a complex society and rapidly growing population, which led to the creation of the famous moai statues. 2. In 1722, Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeveen renamed it Easter Island after arriving on Easter Sunday. |
| Reason for decline | 1. Rapa Nui civilization declined due to deforestation, overpopulation, and resource depletion. 2. European contact later introduced diseases and the slave trade, further reducing the population. |
| UNESCO conservation | 1. In 1995, Rapa Nui National Park, covering much of the island and its archaeological sites, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 2. This recognition helps preserve the island’s cultural and natural heritage. 3. The moai statues, the ceremonial village of Orongo, and other significant archaeological sites have been carefully protected and studied to understand the history and culture of the Rapa Nui people. |
UPSC Syllabus: World Geography
