Role of technology in disaster risk reduction

Source: The post Role of technology in disaster risk reduction has been created, based on the article “Nityanand Rai highlights role of technology in disaster risk reduction at NDMA’s 21st Formation Day” published in “DD News” on 27 September 2025. Role of technology in disaster risk reduction.

UPSC Syllabus: GS-3- Disaster and Disaster Management

Context: Recently, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) celebrated its 21st Formation Day in New Delhi with the theme “Technology for Risk Reduction – For a Safer Nation.

Role of Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

1. Early Warning Systems: Satellite imagery, Doppler radars, and mobile alerts are improving forecast accuracy and last-mile delivery of disaster warnings.
2. Drones and GIS: Drones and GIS are enabling real-time mapping, rapid damage assessment, and faster rescue operations during disasters.
3. Big Data & AI: Big data and artificial intelligence are helping governments model risks, predict disasters, and plan mitigation measures.
4. Digital Platforms: Digital platforms are strengthening coordination between agencies and improving outreach to citizens.
   • In this light, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was also signed between NDMA and the National e-Governance Division to enhance digital disaster preparedness and public outreach.

Community-Based Initiatives

1. The Youth Aapda Mitra Scheme is expanding preparedness by training volunteers from NCC, NSS, Nehru Yuva Kendra, and Bharat Scouts and Guides.
2. Over one lakh Aapda Mitras have been trained, including 20% women volunteers known as Aapda Sakhis, to ensure inclusive disaster response.
3. Combining local knowledge with technology is building resilient communities at the grassroots level.

Institutional and Policy Support

1. NDMA Guidelines & SOPs: NDMA has released Standard Operating Procedures for drone use, lightning safety protocols, and heat action plans to improve preparedness.
2. Strengthening SDMAs:  Strengthening State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) is decentralizing capacity building at the state level.
3. Education and Awareness: Education and awareness campaigns such as the comic series “Little Chanakya Aur Aapda se Bachav” are teaching children about disaster safety.
4. Alignment with Global Goals: India’s DRR approach fits the Sendai Framework (2015–2030) and PM Modi’s 10-point agenda on DRR (2016).
   1. 10-Point Agenda for DRR emphasizes risk assessment, community involvement, early warning systems, resilient infrastructure, and international cooperation.
   2. It guides India and global partners toward building disaster-resilient communities.

Challenges

1. Integration of Technology with Local Capacities: Technology must be adapted and integrated with local capacities rather than relying only on high-end tools.
2. Last-Mile Connectivity and Inclusion: Last-mile connectivity and the inclusion of marginalized groups remain significant gaps in disaster response.
3. Funding and Coordination: Sustained funding and stronger inter-agency coordination are needed to improve overall preparedness.

Way Forward

1. Mainstream DRR into Development Planning: Embed risk assessments in all infrastructure and urban projects.
2. Expand Use of Indigenous Technology: Develop low-cost, locally adapted solutions such as community-based early warning systems.
3. Strengthen Public–Private Partnerships: Use private expertise in AI, data analytics, and logistics for disaster management.
4. Focus on Capacity Building: Regular training, mock drills, and upskilling of volunteers and officials.
5. Enhance Public Awareness: Incorporate disaster education in school curricula and conduct community outreach.
6. Regional and International Cooperation: Share best practices, technology, and joint exercises with neighboring countries.

Conclusion: India’s disaster management strategy is moving from a reactive approach to a proactive, technology-driven, and community-based model. By combining innovation, institutional strength, and citizen participation and following a clear way forward, India can build a globally recognized disaster-resilient nation.

Question: How can technology and community participation strengthen disaster risk reduction in India?