Scientists map detailed “genome of malaria vector mosquito”

What is the News?
Scientists have unveiled the detailed genome of the Asian malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi.

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Who conducted the research?

• The research was conducted by the Tata Institute for Genetics and Society (TIGS) and Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology both in Bengaluru.

What was the need for the research?

• There is a need for intricate knowledge of the genomes of vector mosquitoes. It will be helpful in order to find an advanced form of defence against malaria transmission including targeted CRISPR and gene drive-based strategies.
  • CRISPR technology: It is a gene-editing tool. It allows researchers to easily alter DNA sequences and modify gene function.

Key Finding of the research:

• It unearthed more than 3,000 genes of the Anopheles stephensi genome that previously evaded scrutiny.
• These newly discovered genes play key roles in the metabolism of ingested blood meal, reproduction, and immunity against microbial parasites.

Significance of this research:

• This detailed genome of the malaria mosquito vector is vital for the development of genetic control strategies of disease transmission, It would help malaria biologists in India and the rest of the world towards the goal of malaria elimination.
• The newly discovered genes can also help address the issue of growing insecticide-resistant mutations in Asian and African An. stephensi populations.

National Framework for Malaria Elimination(NFME) 2016-2030

• The framework has been developed with a vision to eliminate malaria from the country. It will contribute to improved health and quality of life and alleviation of poverty by 2030.
• Goals:
  • Eliminate malaria (zero indigenous cases) throughout the entire country by 2030; and
  • Maintain malaria–free status in areas where malaria transmission has been interrupted and prevent re-introduction of malaria.

Source: The Hindu