Tea Horse Road 

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News: Recently, China’s Ambassador to India, Xu Feihong, shared a post on X about the historic Tea Horse Road, a trade route spanning over 2,000 km that connected China to India through Tibet.

About Tea Horse Road 

An old stone path in Sichuan (left) and porters carrying tea in China in 1908.
Source: IE
  • It is an ancient trade route connecting China to India via Tibet. It spanned over 2,000 km, passing through challenging mountainous terrain.
  • The Tea Horse Road was not a single route but rather a network of interconnected paths that originated in southwest China and extended to the Indian subcontinent.
  • The two primary routes traversed cities such as Dali and Lijiang in Yunnan province before reaching Lhasa in Tibet. From there, they branched out into present-day India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
  • These routes have elevations as high as 10,000 feet.
  • It dates back to the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE). Buddhist monk Yijing (7th century) documented early trade on this route.
  • It initially facilitated trade in sugar, textiles, rice noodles, Tibetan gold, and herbs. By the Song dynasty (960-1279 CE), it became focused on tea and horses.

Economic & Cultural Importance

  • Tea Trade: Tibetans highly valued tea, using it as food and currency.
  • Horse Trade: China needed Tibetan horses for military and transport.
  • Cultural Exchange: Facilitated trade in medicine, textiles, and religious ideas.
  • Contributed to the development of Lijiang as a major trade hub.
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