The anatomy of the Yamuna floodplains

Source: The post is based on the article “The anatomy of the Yamuna floodplains” published in “The Hindu” on 28th July 2023.

Syllabus: GS1- changes in critical geographical features (including waterbodies and icecaps)

News: The author discusses the historical and ecological significance of the Yamuna River’s floodplains in Delhi. He highlights how urbanization, construction, and lax regulations have encroached upon and degraded these areas, leading to severe flooding and challenges for the residents. He also emphasizes the need for better planning and respect for the river’s natural flow and importance.

What are the significances of the Yamuna River’s floodplains in Delhi?

Significances of the Yamuna River’s floodplains in Delhi:

Historical Importance:

The environmentalist Anupam Mishra labeled Yamuna as Delhi’s “real town planner.”

Delhi was traditionally planned along the river’s course.

It ensured Delhi never faced water scarcity or extreme floods.

Ecological Role:

The floodplains recharge groundwater and store excess water.

They act as a buffer during floods, slowing water runoff.

Sediments of floodplains create aquifers that rejuvenate groundwater.

Livelihoods:

A 2022 report identified 56 bastis housing 46,750 people on these floodplains.

Half of these households depend on farming; others rely on daily wage work, fishing, and animal herding.

Agricultural Value:

Rich silt deposited by the river aids in farming.

Traditional crops include rice, wheat, and flowers.

Housing Crisis Solution:

Many displaced or migrating people have historically found shelter here due to affordability.

Urbanization Challenges:

Construction on floodplains has restricted the river’s natural flow.

Encroachments like the Akshardham Temple and Commonwealth Village are built on designated floodplain zones.

Climate Resilience:

Floodplains help manage intense rainfall and prevent devastating floods.

What are the challenges faced by the Yamuna River’s floodplains?

Urban Encroachment: Rapid urbanization and haphazard construction activities affect floodplains. Examples include Akshardham Temple, Commonwealth Games Village, and luxury apartments.

Loss of Floodplain: Restricts river’s natural flow, increasing flood risks. Like, Delhi experienced major floods in 1978, 1988, and 1995.

Lack of Proper Policies: Floodplain zoning not adequately included in the Master Plan.

Climate Change: Intensified rains lead to rapid swelling of the river.

River Constriction: Constructions constrict the river, reducing its ability to expand and breathe.

Pollution: Population growth has outpaced sewage infrastructure, increasing river pollution.

What should be done?

Preserve Floodplains: Stop encroachments to maintain the river’s natural flow. Examples: Stop projects like the Commonwealth Games Village on floodplains.

Policy Improvements: Include floodplain zoning in the Master Plan.

Only four states have a National Floodplains Zoning Policy.

Climate-Resilient Infrastructure: Create infrastructure that can withstand heavy rains.

River Health: Focus on de-silting drains and rejuvenating the river.

Enhance Drainage Systems: Improve city drainage to prevent flooding.

Green Areas: Develop more green spaces for natural water absorption.