The major issues in Pakistan’s western borderlands

Source: The post the major issues in Pakistan’s western borderlands has been created, based on the article “‘C Raja Mohan writes: Why India must pay attention to the churn on Pakistan’s border with Afghanistan” published in “Indian Express” on 16th October 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2-international relations-India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Context: The article discusses the overlooked geopolitical issues surrounding Pakistan and Afghanistan, focusing on the Pashtun Qaumi Jirga and the rise of Pashtun nationalism. It highlights how instability in Pakistan’s western regions could impact India-Pakistan relations and regional dynamics.

For detailed information on Pakistan’s National Security Policy and its Implications for India read this article here

What are the major issues in Pakistan’s western borderlands?

1. Pashtun Discontent: The Pashtun Qaumi Jirga and Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) reflect growing unrest among the Pashtuns. PTM’s 22 demands include the removal of the Pakistani Army and militants from their lands.
2. Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP): The TTP, allegedly sheltered by Afghanistan, is fighting to establish autonomous zones in Pashtun areas, further undermining Pakistan’s control.
3. Taliban-Afghanistan Tensions: Pakistan’s hope of controlling Afghanistan through the Taliban has failed. The Taliban is asserting autonomy and challenging Pakistan’s policies.
4. Baloch Nationalism: Violence in Balochistan is increasing, with attacks on Chinese nationals and Punjabi settlers due to rising discontent over political and economic issues.
5. Instability Spillover: The unrest in these regions could destabilize Pakistan further, with consequences for neighboring countries, including India.

How do these issues affect bilateral relations between India and Pakistan?

1. The India-Pakistan relationship remains stagnant despite occasional diplomatic efforts, including Jaishankar’s visit, which had minimal impact.
2. Key bilateral issues remain unresolved for decades, with no major breakthroughs.
3. The ongoing unrest and demands for autonomy in these areas threaten Pakistan’s stability, which in turn affects its relations with neighbors, including India.

What could be the future implications for the region?

1. The destabilization in Pakistan’s western regions could have long-term impacts on the entire South Asian region.
2. The unrest might not only shape Pakistan’s domestic politics but also its international relations, particularly with India.
3. The situation could influence future diplomatic strategies and border policies between the two countries.

Question for practice:

Examine how the unrest in Pakistan’s western borderlands, including Pashtun discontent and Baloch nationalism, could affect the stability of the region and its implications for India-Pakistan relations.