The new discourse of the Global South

Source: The post is based on the article “Ram Madhav writes: The new discourse of the Global South” published in “The Indian Express” on 26th August 2023.

Syllabus: GS2- Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests.

News: The article discusses the changing definitions of “developed” and “developing” countries. The terms are becoming outdated as many nations, like India, are showing rapid progress. The term “Global South” is introduced, emphasizing cultural differences rather than just economic. The focus shifts towards sustainable living and eco-friendly worldviews.

What’s the problem with the terms “Developed” and “Developing”?

Lack of Clear Definitions:

The World Trade Organisation says it doesn’t have definitions for “developed” and “developing” countries.

The United Nations categorizes Europe, North America, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand as the “developed world”, and the rest as “developing”, but without a clear definition.

Questioned by Prominent Figures:

Bill and Melinda Gates stated these terms have outlived their usefulness. Bill predicted almost no poor countries will exist by 2035.

Economic Inconsistencies:

Countries like Germany, classified as “developed”, face economic issues.

Mexico, with a GDP above $10,000, is considered “developing”, but it’s grouped with nations like Sierra Leone having a GDP under $500.

Population vs. GDP:

Latvia is “developed” with a GDP of $30 billion and a small population, while India’s larger GDP of $3.75 trillion but huge population of 1.4 billion keeps it “developing”.

How are India and China challenging this?

India’s Challenge:

India is rapidly progressing, competing with many developed nations on economic and technological fronts.

Examples include its significant GDP growth, transformational economic reforms, infrastructure development (metros, airports, waterways), and achievements in space exploration with Chandrayaan-3.

India’s introduction of the term “Global South” shifts the focus from just economic development to cultural and sustainable aspects.

China’s Challenge:

Despite being a global superpower, China still positions itself as part of the “developing world”.

President Xi Jinping’s statement at the BRICS summit in Johannesburg emphasizes China’s affiliation with the developing world, potentially for political reasons.

Why does the Global South mean?

Meaning of Global South:

New Terminology: It’s a term some leaders use as an alternative to “developing world.”

Beyond Economics: While the traditional labels focus on economic indicators, “Global South” emphasizes cultural and other differences.

Sustainable Vision: Countries in the Global South often have an eco-friendly worldview. For example, they prioritize sustainable living, ecological balance, and universal healthcare.

Cultural Distinction: The difference between Global South and Global North is more about cultural aspects than just economic or developmental ones.