Source: The post threats to India’s constitutional values has been created, based on the article “New study reveals how microplastics can potentially affect the brain, cognitive function: Study” published in “Down to Earth” on 24th January 2025
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper3- Environment- Pollution
Context: The article discusses a study on how microplastics may block blood flow in the brain, impairing brain function and causing cognitive issues in mice. The researchers warn that it’s uncertain if this will have the same effect on humans and call for more research.
For detailed information on Project on Microplastic Contamination read this article here
What are microplastics and where are they found?
- Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters. They originate from small plastic pellets or when larger plastics break down over time.
- These particles are everywhere, from oceans and land to Antarctic ice and human environments.
- Microplastics can travel through the atmosphere and enter the human body. Their presence has been confirmed in various ecosystems and human settlements.
How do microplastics impact brain function in mice?
- Observation in the cerebral cortex: Researchers tracked microplastics in the mouse brain using imaging techniques. These particles were observed in the blood vessels of the cerebral cortex, a brain region responsible for awareness, memory, and movement.
- Blockage of blood vessels: Immune cells detected and engulfed microplastics in the bloodstream, leading to blockages in blood vessels. This obstructed blood flow, impairing brain function.
- Cognitive and neurobehavioral effects: Mice displayed cognitive impairments and neurobehavioral abnormalities, including depressive-like states.
- Weight loss in mice: Mice showed weight loss, possibly due to reduced movement and changes in feeding behavior.
- Persistence of microplastics: Microplastics were not cleared from the body for at least a week, contributing to their prolonged effects.
- Susceptibility in mice: The small diameter of blood vessels in mice (less than 100 micrometers) increases the likelihood of blockages compared to humans.
Can the findings in mice apply to humans?
Researchers warn against directly applying these results to humans. Human circulatory systems are larger, and blood vessels have different diameters, making blockages less likely. For example, human coronary arteries are about 4 mm wide, while mouse vessels are less than 100 micrometers.
Conclusion
The study reveals alarming effects of microplastics on mice but emphasizes caution in extrapolating the findings to humans. The potential impact on human health, particularly neurological and cardiovascular disorders, requires urgent and detailed research.
Question for practice:
Discuss the potential effects of microplastics on brain function and overall health based on the findings in mice.
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