GS Advance Program for UPSC Mains 2025, Cohort - 1 Starts from 24th October 2024 Click Here for more information
Source: The post is based on the article “War in the Caucasus – Azerbaijan should respect the autonomy of the Armenian population” published in The Hindu on 26th September 2023.
Syllabus: GS 2 – International Relations
Relevance: About Azerbaijan recapturing Nagorno-Karabakh
News: Azerbaijan has recaptured Nagorno-Karabakh, an Armenian-populated enclave, with the help of Turkey. This shows the changing power dynamics in the Caucasus region where American, Russian, and Turkish interests collide.
What is conflict about?
The conflict originated during the final stages of the Soviet Union, when the majority Armenian-Christian population conducted a referendum to declare independence from Azerbaijan, which had a Shia majority.
Until recently, Nagorno-Karabakh was under the administration of Armenian separatists with support from the Republic of Armenia.
However, in 2020, Azerbaijan, with backing from Turkey, engaged in a conflict with Armenia, which is a Russian treaty partner.
This conflict resulted in the capture of a significant portion of Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan. Despite Russia’s role in brokering a ceasefire, it provided limited assistance to Armenia, and the ceasefire short-lived.
Further, Azerbaijan blockaded the Lachin Corridor, the only road connecting Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, causing severe economic hardship for the enclave’s 120,000 residents.
Despite international criticism, Azerbaijan maintained control over the corridor and restricted the flow of goods and medicines.
Recently, Azerbaijan attacked Stepanakert, the capital of Nagorno-Karabakh, forcing the separatists to cede full control of the enclave.
Must Read: Why does the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh remain unresolved?
What caused Azerbaijan to recapture Nagorno-Karabakh?
First, Turkey supported Azerbaijan both politically and militarily, seeking a greater role in the Caucasus region.
Second, Russia’s engagement in Ukraine weakened its influence in the Caucasus, leaving Armenia dissatisfied with Moscow’s lack of action during the conflict.
Hence, recognizing this geopolitical advantage, Azerbaijan took control of the enclave.
What can be the way ahead?
Azerbaijan’s recent takeover has caused a significant refugee movement into Armenia, accompanied by allegations of genocidal crimes.
Hence, to peacefully integrate Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan must guarantee equal rights and respect autonomy for the Armenian population.
Failure to do so may result in resistance from the Armenians, posing challenges for Azerbaijan’s control over the region.
