Current Affairs Compilations for UPSC IAS Prelims 2022

Mains Oriented Articles

GS Paper 1

• The Rocket Fuel That Is English

GS Paper 2

• Mansukh L Mandaviya writes | Ayushman Bhav: May all be free of illness
• Wrong Target – Life ban from polls for convicted netas is a bad idea
• Disentangling the 2030 global renewable energy target
• Jal Jeevan Mission remains a pipe dream

GS Paper 3

Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)

Mains Oriented Articles

GS Paper 1

The Rocket Fuel That Is English

News: The article explains that neither the English language should be considered as colonial nor one should depart from one’s culture while speaking or learning the language.

Further, post the success of Chandrayaan-3, scientists spoke in the English language while addressing the media.

What is the significance of scientists communicating in English?

Until recently, the idea of Indian scientists educated in their mother tongue successfully landing a rocket on the Moon seemed like a fantasy. Many believed that only students from English-language elite schools could achieve such feats.

However, Mission Chandrayaan-3 has challenged this perception. After landing on the Moon, Isro scientists effectively communicated with the public in fluent English, despite their modest educational backgrounds.

Further, great minds like Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel, despite being deeply rooted in their language and culture, qualified as barristers in England.

This illustrates that proficiency in English can be acquired without losing cultural identity.

When English is viewed as a cultural acquisition rather than just a technical tool, it can lead to colonialism. However, in the case of Chandrayaan-3 scientists, their success came from using English as a scientific tool, not for cultural reasons.

The era of individuals who once adopted a superficial British attitude and accent is fading. Today, self-made achievers, like Isro scientists who use English as a practical tool, are celebrated.

It’s also important to note that, after Hindi, English is the most widely spoken language in India, surpassing Bengali, Marathi, and others.

While English may not be their first language, these scientists’ proficiency in it is sufficient to make them top scientists in the country. They view English as a necessary tool, similar to a compass or pen and pencil, rather than a remnant of colonialism.

Why is it necessary to view English as a necessary tool?

As seen the case of Chandrayaan-3 scientists, teaching in one’s mother tongue doesn’t hinder learning English. The problem of poor education in India isn’t solved by abandoning English.

It’s crucial for students to be proficient in their mother tongue and also learn English for its practical benefits.

Isro scientists like K Sivan and Nigar Shaji, who came from modest backgrounds, achieved success through their education. They represent examples of the importance of learning English alongside their mother tongues.

In Europe, countries like Sweden, France, Holland, Finland, Norway, and Germany showcase a balance between embracing English for practical purposes and preserving their own culture.

What lies ahead?

English should be used as a practical tool rather than being burdened by its colonial history. Teaching English inadequately after dismissing it as colonial is counterproductive.

The Isro scientists serve as a living example of the benefits of using English instrumentally.

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Mansukh L Mandaviya writes | Ayushman Bhav: May all be free of illness

News– Recently, a new health campaign called Ayushman Bhav was launched by President Droupadi Murmu.

What are some facts about the Ayushman Bharat scheme?

Its goal is to offer inclusive healthcare services to all individuals, regardless of their geographic location or financial situation.

Ayushman Bharat represents a shift from a fragmented healthcare system to a more comprehensive, demand-driven approach.

It encompasses preventive measures, health promotion, and healthcare delivery at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels through the establishment of health and wellness centers (HWCs) and the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY).

What are some facts about Ayushman Bhav?

Its core objectives include extensive coverage, raising awareness about PM-JAY, establishing health account IDs, and delivering healthcare services such as disease screenings and the management of various health conditions like tuberculosis, hypertension.

The primary goal of Ayushman Bhav is to extend its reach to over 6.45 lakh villages and 2.55 lakh gram panchayats.

The campaign will organize activities such as sewa pakhwada. It encompasses initiatives like organ donation drives, cleanliness campaigns, and blood donation initiatives.

Ayushman Sabhas are scheduled to convene on October 2. Another round is planned before December 31.

These gatherings will provide a platform for citizens to acquire knowledge about both diseases and voice their concerns regarding healthcare services.

This initiative aims to promote social accountability within the healthcare systems and exemplify the principle of “jan bhagidari se jan kalyan”.

Activities during these assemblies will include distributing PM-JAY cards, showcasing accredited hospitals, creating Ayushman Bharat Health Account IDs, offering screening services, and organizing informative talks about various diseases.

Participation is expected from various stakeholders, including MPs/MLAs, PM-JAY beneficiaries, beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres, tuberculosis champions, and others to inspire community engagement.

Ayushman Melas will be held weekly at 1.6 lakh Health and Wellness Centre in villages and also at community health centers. It will be organized by medical colleges at the block level.

These Melas will provide specialized services such as ENT, eye care, and psychiatric care, build trust between the community and the healthcare system, improve health-seeking behavior and literacy, encourage greater interaction with medical colleges.

It will transform every village and urban ward into an Ayushman Gram Panchayat or Ayushman Urban Ward. It will foster comprehensive and sustainable development at the grassroots level.

The mission aims to certify villages that achieve 100 percent coverage of selected schemes under each pillar.

It includes the distribution of Ayushman cards, generation of Ayushman Bharat Health Account IDs, population-based screening, and testing and treatment for communicable and non-communicable diseases.

Wrong Target – Life ban from polls for convicted netas is a bad idea

News: An amicus curiae/judicial person appointed by the Supreme Court to help with a case about corruption in politics suggested that politicians convicted of crimes should be banned from running for office for life.

What was the rationale behind such a suggestion?

Currently, convicted politicians are barred from running for office for six years.

The rationale behind this suggestion is that the six-year ban violates constitutional principles, such as the right to equality, especially when civil servants in comparable situations face dismissal.

This raises the question of whether politicians are given preferential treatment.

What has been the previous stand of the Supreme Court regarding the conviction of the politician?

Section 8 of the Representation of the People Act prevents the criminalization of politics by specifying disqualification criteria.

In the past, the Supreme Court has interpreted this law in a way that politicians must tell voters about any criminal cases they are facing, but the Court has avoided making any major changes to the law.

However, in 2013, the Court struck down a provision that allowed convicted politicians to appeal their convictions before being disqualified.

This means that politicians are now disqualified from running for office immediately after they are convicted of a crime, as seen in the case of Rahul Gandhi.

Must Read: Disqualification of Legislators in India – Explained

What can be the way ahead?

An analysis of affidavits filed by current members of Parliament found that 40% of them have outstanding criminal cases.

This suggests that simply making the Representation of the People Act stricter will not solve the problem of criminalisation in politics, given the flaws present in the Indian criminal justice system.

Further, increasing punishments for politicians convicted of crimes will only give the government more reasons to exploit the system to target its opponents. Therefore, there is no good reason to amend the existing law by citing equality concerns. 

Disentangling the 2030 global renewable energy target

News: The article discusses the controversy surrounding an official G-20 summit invitation from Rashtrapati Bhavan that referred to the President of India as “President of Bharat.”

What are the arguments in favor of using “Bharat” interchangeably with “India”?

Constitutional Reference: Article 1 of the Constitution mentions “India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States,” implying a dual recognition of the country’s name.

Historical Context: The Constituent Assembly debates saw members like H.V. Kamath and K.T. Shah advocating for “Bharat.” B.R. Ambedkar, in a compromise, added “that is Bharat” to the draft.

Symbolic Significance: Using “Bharat” could be seen as an attempt to reconnect with Indian roots and distance from colonial ties.

Public Perception: Some believe that the term “Bharat” resonates more with India’s cultural and traditional identity than the English term “India.”

Legal Proposition: Some senior advocates of the Supreme Court and other proponents suggest that a simple resolution in Parliament can officially recognize “Bharat” alongside “India.”

What are the arguments against using “Bharat” interchangeably with “India”?

Constitutional Provision:

Constitutional Discrepancy: Article 52 of the Constitution specifically mentions the title as “President of India” rather than “President of Bharat.”

Not Truly Interchangeable: In Article 1, “India, that is Bharat,” indicates that “Bharat” serves as a clarification or translation of “India” and not an interchangeable term in the original text.

Historical Consensus:

During the Constituent Assembly debates, “Bharat” was added as a compromise, without suggesting it can be used interchangeably in the original Constitution.

Communication and Representation Concerns:

Risk of International Ambiguity: Using “Bharat” in international treaties and communications might confuse foreign entities, given the official recognition as the “Republic of India.”

Potential for Public Misunderstanding: The unanticipated change in official communication, without clear explanation, has led to public uncertainty.

Consistency in Official Communication: To prevent misunderstandings and maintain clarity, a country should have one consistent official name in all forms of communication.

Jal Jeevan Mission remains a pipe dream

News: The article discusses the gap between the reported success of the Jal Jeevan Mission in providing tap water connections to households in Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh and the actual ground reality, where many households either lack taps or receive inadequate water supply.

What are the main issues with the Jal Jeevan Mission in Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh?

Data Discrepancy: Official records show 100% tap connections in some villages, while ground realities, like in Asthaun and Luhari, contradict this.

Infrastructure Issues: Many homes lack the necessary pipes and taps, as seen in Kunata village.

Supply Inconsistencies: Even where taps exist, the water supply is inconsistent. Some receive water for only two hours.

Dependence on Old Sources: Villages continue to rely on traditional sources like handpumps due to inadequate tap water supply.

Terrain Difficulties: Laying pipes across Mahoba’s uneven terrains is challenging, causing disruptions.

What are the future goals?

Water Treatment Plants: Five large plants are being established to ensure a clean water supply to households.

Regular Quality Checks: Water will be frequently tested for purity, and if not up to standards, supply will be halted for cleaning.

Full Water Supply by 2024: The state aims for a full water supply by 2024, with a specific deadline for Mahoba set for November this year.

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With an increase in taxpayer base, closing the tax gap

News– The article explains the changes in Indian tax policy landscape in recent years

Which significant developments have occurred in India’s tax policy landscape?

There has been adoption of the Goods and Services Tax and the introduction of faceless assessments.

The number of taxpayers has surged by 64% between 2014 and 2022, now totalling 93.7 million. This increase is notable across various taxpayer categories.

Over the past five years, more taxpayers have been submitting their returns. Various reasons drive this change. It includes the mandatory need for returns related to travel and loans, a growing inclination to claim deducted taxes, and the formalisation of the economy.

The number of tax returns indicating zero taxes has also risen. It has reached 66 percent in the fiscal year 2020-21.

Direct tax collections have outpaced both the average of the previous decade and the GDP growth in three of the last five years. A tax buoyancy factor of 2.52 indicates that there have been significant improvements in tax compliance.

What are the contributing factors towards the rise in direct taxes?

The rise in direct taxes can be attributed to the increased number of taxpayers and increased reported average incomes in tax returns.

In the fiscal year 2020-21, nearly a quarter of tax returns disclosed gross incomes falling within the range of Rs 5,50,000 to Rs 9,50,000.

This represents a notable shift from the 2015-16 period when one-third of gross incomes reported in returns fell within the Rs 2,50,000 to Rs 3,50,000 range.

What was the impact of Covid-19 on tax collections?

The effects extended across two fiscal years. Consequently, taxes paid on business incomes and overall tax collections experienced a decline between 2019 and 2021, despite the increase in gross incomes.

The impact of the economic slowdown was not evenly distributed among different income groups and categories. In the fiscal year 2019-20, the number of tax returns and reported incomes contracted for specific income brackets.

Syed Ata Hasnain on Anantnag attack: Dying embers, but terrorism threat not over

News– Over the last six months, encounters with Pakistan-sponsored terrorists in the region immediately north and south of the Pir Panjal range have been frequent. Army has lost several brave soldiers in these incidents.

What is the current situation of terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir?

The recent occurrences represent the fading remnants of terrorism, despite Pakistan’s efforts to revive them.

In the four years following the amendment of Article 370, significant progress has been made by concentrating on eradicating Pakistan’s networks involved in proxy warfare.  

This has involved targeting over-ground workers, reducing infiltration, diminishing local recruitment, and accelerating development efforts.

Several factors that contribute to supporting terrorism have witnessed a significant decrease. Infiltration and local recruitment have seen a dramatic reduction.

The counter-infiltration measures in the Kashmir Valley are highly effective and multi-layered. Consequently, there has been a shift in the actions of terrorists toward the borders of Jammu and Punjab.

These borders serve as routes for smuggling narcotics, weapons, and equipment.

The triggers for negative sentiments have decreased. Public funerals for terrorists, both foreign and local, are no longer allowed. Efforts to empower the youth have also intensified substantially.

Why would it be incorrect to claim that the issue of terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir has been entirely resolved?

Pakistan has invested considerable resources, time, energy, and personnel in conducting this proxy war for over three decades. It is unlikely to stop these efforts easily.

Following August 5, 2019, there was a decrease in violence. It led to a misconception among the public that the proxy war had nearly ended.

The absence of violence does not equate to normalcy. It is a multi-faceted concept. Over the course of 30 years, terrorism and proxy warfare have given rise to covert networks that continue to operate.

It will take a considerable amount of time to attain the desired state of normalcy. Pakistan will attempt to reignite separatism through the remaining elements of terror.

Way forward-

It is essential to maintain realistic expectations. A region that has experienced abnormality for over three decades will not easily overcome negative sentiments.

It will require time and sustained efforts in outreach and the promotion of patriotism. More influential speakers, writers, and intellectuals should engage with the youth to bolster their aspirations.

The “all of government approach” adopted in Jammu and Kashmir is proving effective. But the national electronic media also needs to contribute positively to this effort.

IAF takes delivery of first C295: How this deal kicks off ‘Make in India’ scheme for military aircraft

News– The Indian Air Force (IAF) on Wednesday (September 13) received the first of the 56 C295 aircraft at the Airbus production site in Seville, Spain. It will replace its ageing Avro-748 fleet.

What is the C295 aircraft?

The C295 is a versatile tactical transport aircraft capable of performing a wide range of missions.

These missions include transporting troops and cargo, conducting maritime patrols, providing airborne warning, surveillance, and reconnaissance, facilitating medical evacuations, serving as a VIP transport, and assisting in airborne firefighting.

The aircraft has the capacity to carry payloads weighing up to nine tonnes. It can accommodate up to 71 personnel while maintaining a maximum cruise speed of 260 knots. It is equipped for air-to-air refuelling.

It is powered by two Pratt & Whitney turboprop engines. It can cruise at altitudes of up to 30,000 feet and can take off and land quickly on unpaved, soft, and sandy/grassy airstrips.

What is the timing for C295 arrival?

In September 2021, India formally confirmed the procurement of 56 Airbus C295 aircraft at a total cost of Rs 21,935 crore.

The initial 16 C295s will be assembled in Seville. The first aircraft is slated for delivery in May 2024, followed by the next 14 until August 2025.

The remaining 40 aircraft will be manufactured and assembled in collaboration with Tata Advanced Systems Limited located in Vadodara, Gujarat.

What is the significance of procurement of these aircrafts?

Firstly, it will serve as a replacement for the ageing Avro fleet of the Indian Air Force (IAF), which was originally acquired back in the 1960s.

This replacement will substantially enhance the IAF’s capabilities in air transport. It will allow for the efficient transportation of troops and materials to various regions within the country.

This acquisition marks the initiation of India’s ‘Make in India’ Aerospace program within the private sector. It involves the domestic manufacturing of these aircraft.

Until now, military aircraft production in India has been a monopoly of the state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).

It will stimulate India’s aerospace sector. It will generate approximately 15,000 highly skilled jobs and an additional 10,000 indirect employment opportunities over the course of the next decade.

What is the level of indigenous of the 40 C295?

Except for major components such as the engine and avionics, Airbus will facilitate the transfer of manufacturing technology to Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) for most other parts.

This approach is expected to enable the production of 95 percent of the aircraft within India in the coming years.

The aircraft will feature domestically developed radar warning receivers and missile approach warning systems created by Bharat Electronics Limited.

The countermeasure dispensing system has been supplied by Bharat Dynamics Limited. The airframe of the medium transport aircraft comprises over 14,000 parts and components. 3,500 parts are manufactured by Tata each year.

It is anticipated that the 32nd aircraft, set for delivery in the first quarter of 2029, will be a fully Indian-manufactured C295.

What is the current status of C295 manufacturing in India?

The 40 C295 aircraft are intended for production in India at the Vadodara facility.

Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) has established a factory in Hyderabad, where the manufacturing of major airframe components will commence this year.

Once the major sections of the aircraft are assembled at the Hyderabad facility, they will be transported to the Vadodara facility next year. There, they will be equipped with engines, avionics, and other crucial components.

A training facility has been established in Agra, which is expected to become operational in late next year.

A GM crop decision that cuts the mustard

News: The article discusses the importance and benefits of genetically modified (GM) crops, especially GM mustard in India, for improving food production, reducing edible oil imports, and supporting farmers’ incomes and self-reliance in agriculture.

What is the current status of GM crops?

Global Status of GM Crops:

GM crops are seen as essential for global food and nutritional security, especially in a changing climate.

72 countries have adopted GM crops for various uses like food, feed, or cultivation.

Major crops include maize, soybean, cotton, and canola, but expansion to other crops is ongoing.

Economic gains from GM crops between 1996-2018 amounted to $224.9 billion.

Over 16 million farmers globally benefit from GM crops, with 95% in developing countries.

India’s Status of GM Crops:

Bt cotton, commercialized over 20 years ago, is a successful GM crop in India.

India recently approved the cultivation of a GM mustard hybrid, DMH-11, developed at the University of Delhi South Campus.

The introduction of GM mustard aims to reduce edible oil imports, promoting self-reliance in agriculture.

What is GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11?

GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11:

Origin: Developed at the Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants at the University of Delhi South Campus.

Yield: Offers higher vigor and yield, addressing India’s edible oil deficit.

Technology: Utilizes the barnase/barstar system; this method involves removing male fertility in one parent and restoring it in the offspring.

Special Trait: Contains a herbicide tolerance gene used both for selecting genetically transformed lines and for hybrid seed production.

What is the significance of GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11?

Tackling Oil Deficit and Imports: Helps address India’s edible oil deficit where 60% of demand is met by imports, potentially reducing the oil-import burden which was approximately ₹1.17 lakh crore.

Increased Production: Offers higher yield and vigor, crucial for boosting domestic edible oil production.

Economic Impact: Enhances the economic well-being of farmers through increased crop yield.

Innovation in Agriculture: Symbolizes a significant advancement in India’s genetic engineering, ushering in new crop varieties with better traits.

Diversity in Breeding: The barnase/barstar-based hybrid introduces variety in mustard breeding, diversifying India’s traditionally narrow genetic base.

Promoting Self-Reliance: The cultivation of DMH-11 signifies a move towards agricultural self-reliance and sustainability, reducing external dependencies.

Being people-centric – on government spending

News: The article discusses how, despite India’s government spending a significant percentage of its GDP, it doesn’t always achieve better outcomes in areas like health, education, and infrastructure compared to other countries that spend less.

What are the major concerns with India’s government spending?

Inefficient Spending According to IMF:

As per the International Monetary Fund’s data, India spends 28% of its GDP, but the country lags in sectors like health and education.

In comparison, Bangladesh spends only 14.5% of its GDP but shows better life expectancy and schooling outcomes.

Misleading Data:

A higher percentage of GDP spending might not mean more actual spending per individual.

Some Southeast Asian nations, with a lower GDP percentage, possibly outspend India on a per-capita basis.

Service Quality Issues:

Services such as education and healthcare in India, despite substantial funding, often face quality concerns.

Growing Fiscal Concerns:

Over recent years, India’s government revenue as a percentage of GDP has decreased.

This trend leads to an expanding fiscal deficit and a rise in public debt, with agencies like Fitch emphasizing these fiscal challenges.

What should be done?

People-Centric Programs: Emphasize Prime Minister Modi’s vision of making programs more people-focused, ensuring citizens truly benefit.

Infrastructure and Basic Amenities: Accelerate investments in transport infrastructure, supply of electricity, tap water, and provide amenities like lavatories and clean cooking fuel.

Financial Incentives: Launch incentive programs to boost investments in select manufacturing sectors, encouraging economic growth.

Growth-Centric Approach: While focusing on people’s welfare is essential, prioritizing GDP-centric growth is also crucial to increase revenue and fund welfare programs.

Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)

India, Canada hit pause on FTA talks amid strain in ties after Trudeau visit

Source: The post is based on the article “India, Canada hit pause on FTA talks amid strain in ties after Trudeau visit”  published in Indian Express on 16th September 2023

What is the News?

India-Canada talks on a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) are expected to resume after the resolution of the issues between the two countries.

What is the issue between India and Canada?

Ties between India and Canada have been strained over the activities of pro-Khalistan groups in Canada.

India has blamed Canada for not being proactive in containing the Khalistan problem because of “vote bank politics”.

On the other hand, Canada’s PM has argued that Canada is taking steps to fight extremism without compromising freedom of expression.

What is the status of India-Canada trade ties?

India and Canada have significant trade relations.In 2022, India was Canada’s 10th largest trading partner.Since 2018,India has also been the largest source of international students in Canada.

India’s total exports to Canada added up to US$ 4.10 billion in 2022-23, up from US$ 3.76 billion in 2021-22. 

India’s imports from Canada added up to US$ 4.05 billion in 2022-23, up from US$ 3.13 billion in 2021-22.

Cumulative FDI from Canada since 2000 is about US$ 4.07 billion.Over 600 Canadian companies have a presence in India.

Indian companies in Canada are active in Information Technology, software, steel, natural resources and banking sectors.

Major items of exports to Canada include gems, jewellery and precious stones, pharmaceutical products, ready-made garments, mechanical appliances, organic chemicals, light engineering goods, iron & steel articles.

On the other hand, India imports pulses, newsprint, wood pulp, asbestos, potash, iron scrap, copper, minerals and industrial chemicals from Canada.

India seeks Australia’s help in battle against Nipah virus

Source: The post is based on the article “India seeks Australia’s help in battle against Nipah virus”  published in The Hindu on 16th September 2023

What is the News?

India has reached out to Australia seeking to restock monoclonal antibody doses to combat the Nipah virus.

What are Monoclonal Antibodies?

To fight a viral infection, our bodies create proteins known as antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are artificial antibodies that mimic the activity of our immune systems. 

They are produced through a process that involves extracting specific antibodies from human blood and then cloning them.

These monoclonal antibodies are designed to target a virus or a specific part of one — for instance, REGEN-COV2 is a cocktail of two monoclonal antibodies developed to target the Covid-19 spike protein. 

The monoclonal antibodies bind to specific parts of the spike protein, blocking its ability to infect healthy cells.

Why is the government allowing the use of the monoclonal antibody for Nipah Virus?

First, there is no effective treatment for the infection other than relieving the symptoms.Once infected, the mortality can be a very high 40 to 75%.To compare, even at the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, the case fatality ratio (CFR) – proportion of people who die among those who test positive remained at around 3%.

Second, the monoclonal antibody has so far been used in 14 individuals globally and none of them died. 

On the occasion of Vishwakarma Jayanti, PM to launch ‘PM Vishwakarma’ for traditional artisans and craftspeople

Source: The post is based on the article “On the occasion of Vishwakarma Jayanti, PM to launch ‘PM Vishwakarma’ for traditional artisans and craftspeople”  published in PIB on 15th September 2023

What is the News?

On the occasion of Vishwakarma Jayanti, the Prime Minister will launch a new scheme named “PM Vishwakarma”.

What is PM Vishwakarma?

Type: Central Sector Scheme

Aim: To strengthen and nurture the Guru-Shishya parampara or family-based practice of traditional skills by artisans and craftspeople working with their hands and tools.

– To improve the quality as well as the reach of products and services of artisans and craftspeople and to ensure that they are integrated with the domestic and global value chains.

Coverage: The scheme will provide support to artisans and craftspeople of rural and urban areas across India. 

– Eighteen traditional crafts will be covered under PM Vishwakarma.These include (i) Carpenter; (ii) Boat Maker; (iii) Armourer; (iv) Blacksmith ; (v) Hammer and Tool Kit Maker; (vi) Locksmith; (vii) Goldsmith; (viii) Potter; (ix) Sculptor, Stone breaker; (x) Cobbler (Shoesmith/ Footwear artisan); (xi) Mason (Rajmistri); (xii) Basket/Mat/Broom Maker/Coir Weaver; (xiii) Doll & Toy Maker (Traditional); (xiv) Barber; (xv) Garland maker; (xvi) Washerman; (xvii) Tailor; and (xviii) Fishing Net Maker.

Benefits under the scheme: Under the scheme, the Vishwakarmas will be registered free of charge through Common Services Centres using biometric based PM Vishwakarma portal. 

– They will be provided 1) recognition through PM Vishwakarma certificate and ID card 2) skill upgradation involving basic and advanced training 3) toolkit incentive of ₹15,000 4) collateral-free credit support up to ₹1 lakh (first tranche) and ₹2 lakh (second tranche) at a concessional interest rate of 5%, incentive for digital transactions and marketing support.

Union Minister launches Unified Portal www.upag.gov.in for Agricultural Statistics

Source: The post is based on the article “Union Minister launches Unified Portal www.upag.gov.in for Agricultural Statistics”  published in PIB on 15th September 2023

What is the News?

Member of NITI Aayog has officially launched Unified Portal for Agricultural Statistics(UPAg Portal).

What is UPAg Portal?

UPAg stands for Unified Portal for Agricultural Statistics (UPAg).

Purpose: It is an advanced agricultural data management platform designed to generate crop estimates and integrate with other systems generating Agriculture Statistics such as Price, Trade, Procurement, Stock etc. 

– The portal serves as a centralized hub for near real time information on crop production, market trends, pricing, and other vital agricultural data. 

Developed by: Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Key Features of the portal:

– Data Standardization: The portal standardizes data on prices, production, area, yield, and trade, making it accessible in one location, eliminating the need to compile data from multiple sources.

– Data Analysis: UPAg Portal will perform advanced analytics, offering insights such as production trends, trade correlations, and consumption patterns, aiding policymakers in making informed decisions.

– Granular Production Estimates: The portal will generate granular production estimates with increased frequency, enhancing the government’s ability to respond to agricultural crises swiftly.

– Commodity Profile Reports: Commodity profile reports will be produced using algorithms, minimizing subjectivity and providing users with comprehensive insights.

– Plug and Play: Users will have the flexibility to use the portal’s data to prepare their own reports, promoting data-driven decision-making.

What are the key issues addressed by UPAg Portal?

Lack of Standardized Data: Currently, agricultural data is scattered across various sources and often presented in different formats and units.UPAg Portal aims to consolidate this data into a standardized format, making it easily accessible and understandable for users.

Lack of Verified Data: Reliable data is crucial for accurate policy decisions.UPAg Portal ensures that data from sources like Agmarknet is vetted and updated in a timely manner, providing policymakers with accurate information on agricultural prices.

Dispersed Data: To form a comprehensive view of any crop, multiple variables need to be considered, including production, trade, and prices.UPAg Portal brings together data from various sources, providing a holistic assessment of agricultural commodities.

Different Frequency Variables: Data updates at different times, causing delays and inefficiencies. UPAg Portal offers real-time connectivity with data sources, reducing the time and effort required for monitoring and analysis.

Union Minister for Jal Shakti Jointly Launches Swachhata Hi Seva 2023 Campaign

Source: The post is based on the article “Union Minister for Jal Shakti Jointly Launches Swachhata Hi Seva 2023 Campaign”  published in PIB on 15th September 2023

What is the News?

Union Minister for Jal Shakti and Union Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs jointly launched the pan-India Swachhata Pakhwada – Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) 2023 campaign.

What is the Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) campaign?

Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) campaign is being celebrated from 15th September to 2nd October this year under the joint aegis of Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Jal Shakti and Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

Focus: The campaign will focus on achieving a visibly higher order of cleanliness across local bodies through the spirit of voluntarism and shramdaan as well as on the welfare of SafaiMitras.

– All Ministries and Departments will be organizing swachhata drives across offices, public places, heritage sites, river fronts in both rural and urban areas.

Theme for 2023: Garbage Free India.

What are the activities that will be organized under SHS- 2023?

Swachhata Hi Seva – Fortnight long Cleanliness Drives: As a part of this, all Government of India Ministries, PSUs, State Govts. and local bodies will be organizing massive cleanliness drives across various locations.

Indian Swachhata League 2.0: It aims to mobilize youth groups at scale to take sustained ownership for swachhata across beaches, hills and tourist spots. 

– The swachhata league will act as a catalyst for triggering action by the youth of the city towards the vision of garbage free cities under the Swachh Bharat Mission.

SafaiMitra Suraksha Shivir: These will be organized by various cities across the nation.

– These Shivirs (camps) are aimed at saturating welfare schemes for sanitation workers and their dependents and to improve their well-being and quality of life. 

– The objective of the shivir is to target all sanitation workers in Solid Waste Management (SWM) & Used Water Management (UWM). 

– The key activities will focus on mass awareness, preventive health checkups, yoga shivirs and extending entitlement of various welfare benefits of central & State Schemes in convergence with various ministries.

Department of Fisheries organizes event on 3rd Anniversary of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana in Indore

Source: The post is based on the article “Department of Fisheries organizes event on 3rd Anniversary of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana in Indore”  published in The Hindu on 16th September 2023

What is the News?

The Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying has launched Matsya Sampada Jagrukta Abhiyan on the occasion of  completion of three successful years of implementation of Pradhan Mantri Matasya Sampada Yojna(PMMSY).

What is Pradhan Mantri Matasya Sampada Yojna(PMMSY)?

Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana is a scheme to bring about the Blue Revolution through sustainable and responsible development of the fisheries sector in India.

Objectives of the scheme: Harnessing of fisheries potential in a sustainable, responsible, inclusive and equitable manner

– Enhancing fish production and productivity through expansion, intensification, diversification and productive utilization of land and water.

– Modernizing and strengthening of the value chain – post-harvest management and quality improvement.

– Doubling fishers and fish farmers incomes and generation of employment.

– Enhancing contribution to Agriculture GVA and exports.

– Social, physical and economic security for fishers and fish farmers.

– Robust fisheries management and regulatory framework.

Duration of the scheme: The scheme is being implemented in all States and UTs for a period of 5 years from FY 2020-21 to FY 2024-25. 

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What is Matsya Sampada Jagrukta Abhiyan?

Organized by: Department of Fisheries.

Aim: To disseminate information and knowledge about 9 Years of achievements of the Government of India by highlighting success stories of the beneficiaries and reaching out to 2.8 crore fish farmers and 3477 coastal villages.

What are the success stories of Pradhan Mantri Matasya Sampada Yojna(PMMSY)?

Shri F.Laldingliana from Mizoram switched to aquaculture when he merely earned Rs 30,000 per year and now practices fisheries on his 2 ha land with 19 ponds.

Smt. R. Murugeswari from Tamil Nadu practices seaweed cultivation and the subsidy received under PMMSY helped her with funds for maintenance of rafts, meticulous net cleaning.

India’s goods trade deficit hits a 10-month high

Source: The post is based on the article “India’s goods trade deficit hits a 10-month high”  published in The Hindu on 16th September 2023

What is the News?

India’s foreign trade has hit a fresh trough in August with the goods trade deficit hitting a 10-month high.

India’s Foreign Trade Challenges in August,2023: Goods exports have been declining for seven consecutive months.The goods trade deficit has reached a 10-month high.

– Services exports, which had been growing, decreased for the first time in over a year.

Impact of Oil Prices on Exports: Nearly half of the decline in exports this year has been due to falling petroleum prices.

– Export volumes of petroleum products increased by 6% from April to July, but prices were 27% lower than a year ago.

Challenges and recommendations: The Federation of Indian Exporters’ Organisations (FIEO) noted subdued demand in major economies like the EU, U.S., China, Australia, and Asia.

– FIEO expects improvements in the coming months, especially with fresh orders expected for the Christmas and New Year season.

– FIEO emphasizes the need for easy and cheaper credit for small enterprises, marketing support, exemption of GST levies on export freight, interest equalization support and an extension of the emergency credit line guarantee scheme to help exporters during challenging times.

Gati Shakti to help speedup auction of critical minerals

Source: The post is based on the article “Gati Shakti to help speedup auction of critical minerals”  published in Livemint on 16th September 2023

What is the News?

PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan is helping in expediting the auction of critical minerals.

What is PM Gati Shakti?

PM Gati Shakti seeks to bring all relevant ministries and departments of the central government together, and create a digital platform for comprehensive and integrated project planning. 

This includes dynamic mapping of all infrastructure projects with real-time updates. 

The data from all individual ministries will be integrated into a single platform, facilitating planning, review, and monitoring.

How is PM Gati Shakti helping in expediting the auction of critical minerals?

The central government has authorized states to use their own records and the online resources of PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan for defining mining areas. 

The revised land demarcation and classification rules have helped identify well-defined mining zones and streamline the auction process.

For instance, amendments made in September 2023 to the Mineral (Auction) Rules, 2015, allow state governments to use land details available on the PM Gati Shakti-National Master Plan for Multi-modal Connectivity platform or state government land record portals for land classification.

This change is expected to expedite the land demarcation and classification making it faster to prepare blocks for auctions.

Previously, the 2015 mineral auction regulations required offline identification and demarcation of mineral blocks using technology like total station and differential global positioning system (DGPS), which caused delays.Hence, this new approach using online records is expected to simplify and expedite the process.

Govt launches Skill India Digital for transforming skill, education, entrepreneurship landscape of India

Source: The post is based on the article “Govt launches Skill India Digital for transforming skill, education, entrepreneurship landscape of India”  published in Indian Express on 15th September 2023

What is the News?

The Ministry of Skill Development has launched the Skill India Digital (SID) platform.

What is Skill India Digital (SID) Platform?

Skill India Digital(SID) Platform is a Digital Public Infrastructure(DPI) for skilling, education, employment and entrepreneurship ecosystem of India.

It is a comprehensive digital platform aimed at synergizing and transforming the skills, education, employment, and entrepreneurship landscape of India.

Built by: National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) in collaboration with multiple industry players.

Part of: The platform is part of the World Bank-assisted Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP) programme

Key Features of the platform:

The platform acts as a comprehensive information gateway for government skilling and entrepreneurship initiatives.

It encompasses training programs from central and state governments, creating a centralized hub for skill development initiatives.

All courses compliant with the National Skilling Qualification Framework (NSQF) will also be accessible on the platform. 

Additionally, the platform integrates with other government portals such as the UDYAM portal for micro and small enterprises and the Atma Nirbhar Skilled Employee Employer Mapping (ASEEM) portal.

The platform also supports multiple Indian languages and ensures secure access with Aadhaar-based eKYC.

It adopts a mobile-first approach, making learning accessible through handheld devices.

It showcases individuals’ skills and qualifications through Digitally Verified Credentials, offering secure and tamper-proof verification.

Digital CVs with personalized QR codes allow potential employers or partners to easily access a candidate’s portfolio, including skills, qualifications, experiences and achievements.

The following today’s current affairs articles have been covered in 7 PM Explained section of the day:

7 PM Editorial of the day: [Yojana September 2023 Summary]Administrative Reforms-Explained Pointwise