Global context of elections in 2024: How India’s ‘one citizen, one vote’ democracy came to be

Source: The post global context of elections in 2024 has been created, based on the article “How India’s ‘one citizen, one vote’ democracy came to be” published in “Indian express” on 20th April 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS paper 2-polity-Election

News: The article discusses the start of India’s 2024 general elections, reflecting on the history and significance of voting rights. It compares India’s direct implementation of universal adult suffrage to the gradual extension of voting rights in the U.S. It also mentions global elections occurring in 2024, highlighting the widespread political activity this year.

How has voting evolved in India compared to the United States?

Founding Principles: Right from its first general elections in 1951-1952, India implemented the “one citizen, one vote” principle, allowing all adults to vote regardless of property, education, or gender. The U.S., established in 1787, initially restricted voting to property-owning white men.

For details information on One person, one vote, one value read here

Progressive Amendments: India implemented universal suffrage from its inception, unlike the U.S., which required several amendments (15th (African American men), 19th (women), and 26th (lowering the voting age to 18).) to expand voting rights. During the drafting of the Indian Constitution (1946-1950), advocates like Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar argued for inclusivity, ensuring no exclusions based on qualifications.

First Elections and Participation: India’s first general elections in 1952 saw 173 million people vote. In contrast, earlier U.S. elections had far fewer voters due to restrictive qualifications.

Election Management: India’s elections are managed by an independent Election Commission, ensuring impartiality and fairness across vast and diverse voter demographics.

For details information on Election Commission read here

 What is the global context of elections in 2024?

Global Election Wave: In 2024, countries accounting for over 60% of the world’s economic output and more than half its population will hold elections, highlighting a significant year for global democracy.

Examples of Elections: Specific countries mentioned include Bangladesh, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and South Africa, all participating in this electoral wave.

Economic Implications: According to a Reuters report citing the Institute of International Finance, the “tsunami” of elections in 2024 could impact the already substantial global debt, which was estimated to have hit $310 trillion by the end of 2023.

Varying Electoral Outcomes: Russia saw Vladimir Putin retain his presidency predictably in March, illustrating the varying political landscapes and outcomes of these elections.

Question for practice:

Discuss the evolution of voting rights in India compared to the United States.