India’s challenges in dealing with China and neighboring countries

Source: The post India’s challenges in dealing with China and neighboring countries has been created, based on the article “Aggressive China and neighbourhood woes: India is at a strategic crossroads” published in “Indian Express” on 7th August 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS paper2- International relation- India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Context: The article discusses India’s challenges in dealing with China and neighboring countries.It highlights India’s need for better statecraft and strategic planning. Key concerns include a large trade deficit, reliance on defense imports, and improving nuclear deterrence. Strategic alliances and partnerships are crucial for India’s security and growth.

For detailed information on India’s neighbourhood dilemmas read this article here

What is the current India-China situation?

1. India and China are in a prolonged military standoff at the Himalayan border, with no resolution after the 31st diplomatic Working Mechanism on India-China Border Affairs meeting in August 2024.
2. China continues to strengthen its military positions in Ladakh and construct “border defense” villages across the Arunachal Pradesh border, signaling its strategic moves.
3. Beyond the border, China has been building influence in South Asia, notably by supporting Pakistan economically and militarily and through projects like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
4. In 2012, the Maldives canceled an Indian airport contract in favor of a Chinese firm, leading to anti-India sentiment and the “India Out” campaign.
5. Similarly, Bangladesh’s government, under Sheikh Hasina, which was friendly to India, recently fell due to a misunderstanding of local sentiment.

For detailed information on India’s Strategic Challenges in the Face of China’s Rise read this article here

Why is India seen as a “big brother” by its neighbors?

1. Perception of Dominance: India’s self-image as a “Vishwaguru” is seen as overbearing by its neighbors, leading to the perception of India as a “big brother” or “bully.”
2. Political Missteps: In Bangladesh, India misread public sentiment, contributing to the fall of the India-friendly Sheikh Hasina government in August 2023.
3. Provocative Domestic Politics: Divisive and unchecked political rhetoric aimed at the Indian electorate is perceived negatively in neighboring countries, impacting relationships with countries like Nepal and Sri Lanka.
4. Regional Relationships: India’s prickly ties with its neighbors amplify its image as a dominant and interfering power.

What are India’s concerns in its security environment?

1. Trade Deficit with China: India’s trade deficit with China is $85 billion, making it heavily reliant on Chinese imports, including electronics, machinery, and rare-earth materials. This limits India’s strategic flexibility in managing its relations with China.
2. Defense Import Dependency: India’s reliance on defense imports from Russia, Ukraine, and Israel restricts its strategic autonomy. The ongoing conflicts in these nations raise concerns over future supply disruptions. The Atmanirbhar initiative faces delays in reducing this dependency.
3. Nuclear Deterrence: Both China and Pakistan have advanced their nuclear capabilities. China has increased its warhead numbers and accuracy, while Pakistan moved from “credible minimum deterrence” to “full-spectrum deterrence.” India must update its nuclear strategy to counter these growing threats.

How should India balance its strategic interests?

1. India needs strategic alliances to protect itself from threats.
2. Forming strategic alliances with like-minded nations can help India bridge technology gaps and secure its economy, military, and strategic autonomy.
3. Realpolitik requires India to prioritize its national interests and adapt its partnerships accordingly.

Question for practice:

Examine the factors contributing to India’s perception as a “big brother” by its neighboring countries.