Author: ForumIAS

Dakshin Gangotri was the first Indian scientific research base station established in Antarctica, as a part of the Indian Antarctic Program. Located at a distance of 2,500 kilometres from the South Pole, it was established during the third Indian expedition to Antarctica in 1983/84. This was the first time an Indian team spent a winter… Continue reading Dakshin Gangotri

Maitri is India’s second permanent research station in Antarctica. It was built and finished in 1989, shortly before the first station Dakshin Gangotri was buried in ice and abandoned in 1990/91. Maitri is situated on the rocky mountainous region called Schirmacher Oasis. India also built a freshwater lake around Maitri known as Lake Priyadarshini.

The Treaty System includes the recommendations, measures, decisions and resolutions of the Consultative Meetings relating to matters such as: Scientific cooperation; protection of the Antarctic environment; conservation of plants and animals; preservation of historic sites; designation and management of protected areas; management of tourism; information exchange; collection of meteorological data; hydrographic charting; logistic cooperation; and… Continue reading The Antarctic Treaty System

stipulates that Antarctica should be used exclusively for peaceful purposes, military activities, such as the establishment of military bases or weapons testing, are specifically prohibited; guarantees continued freedom to conduct scientific research, as enjoyed during the IGY; Promotes international scientific cooperation including the exchange of research plans and personnel, and requires that results of research… Continue reading 14 articles of The Antarctica Treaty

the land exploration of Antarctica is recent, most of it being accomplished during the twentieth century. By mid-century, permanent stations were being established and planning was underway for the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1957-58, the first substantial multi-nation research program in Antarctica. The outstanding success of the IGY led these nations to agree that… Continue reading The Antarctica Treaty

Eminent scientist and former Chief of ISRO, K. Kasturirangan has been appointed the Chairman of an eight-member committee which has the task to prepare the final draft of the National Education Policy. The National Policy on Education (NPE) is a policy formulated by the Government of India to promote education amongst India’s people. The policy covers elementary education to colleges in… Continue reading About National Education Policy

Petya is a family of encrypting ransomwarethat infects the master boot record and encrypts the NTFS file table, demanding a payment in Bitcoin in order to regain access to the system. The malware specifically targets Microsoft Windows-based systems. Ukraine has emerged as the epicenter of the attack with 60 per cent of the systems infected as reported by Kaspersky.  

Ransomware is a form of malicious software intended to block access or threatens to erase the victim’s data until a ransom is paid. Many popular ransomware malware prefer to obtain payment through Bitcoin as it is difficult to trace.  There are numerous types of Ransomwares as of today. Crypto-ransomware: This Malware encrypts the systems files… Continue reading What is a Ransomware?

The advancement of technology from analog electronic and mechanical devices to the digital technology available today. The era started to during the 1980s and is ongoing. The Digital Revolution also marks the beginning of the Information Era. The Digital Revolution is sometimes also called the Third Industrial Revolution.