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Source: The post is based on the article “CMV and ToMV: The two ‘mosaic’ viruses that hit tomato crop in Maharashtra and Karnataka” published in Indian Express on 8th July 2023
What is the News?
Tomato growers in Maharashtra have blamed the crop decline to the Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) while the growers in Karnataka and other South Indian states blame the Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) for their crop losses.
What is Cucumber Mosaic Virus(CMV)?
CMV belongs to the Bromoviridae family.It is one of the most widespread plant viruses.
This virus affects plants such as cucumber, melon, eggplant, tomato, carrot, lettuce, celery, cucurbits and some ornamentals.
Transmission: CMV mainly spreads through aphids, which are sap-sucking insects that can acquire and transmit the virus within minutes.
– It can also be transmitted by seeds, mechanical inoculation, and grafting.
Impact on Crops: It causes distortion of leaves, primarily at the top and bottom while leaving the middle relatively unaffected.
– In cucumber, it causes a mosaic-like pattern of yellow and green spots.
– It can also cause almost 100 percent crop loss unless properly treated on time.
Preventive measures: Focus on preventing aphids by using quick-acting insecticides or mineral oils.Care should also be taken to avoid aphid migration and spread of the virus to other fields.
What is Tomato Mosaic Virus(ToMV)?
ToMV belongs to the Virgaviridae family.It is closely related to the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).
It infects tomato, tobacco, peppers and certain ornamental plants.
Transmission: It mainly spreads through infected seeds, saplings, agricultural tools, and human contact.
It can also be transmitted by some insect vectors, such as thrips and whiteflies.
Impact on Crops: It causes green mottling and yellowing of leaves, which often appear as blisters or fern-like patterns.
– The leaves may also curl downwards or upwards and become distorted. Younger plants are dwarfed, and fruit setting is affected.
– It can also cause almost 100 percent crop loss unless properly treated on time.
Preventive measures: Emphasize biosafety standards in nurseries and implementing compulsory seed treatment.
– Farmers should inspect saplings before planting and discard any infected material.
