Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon- July 6

Statement 1 is incorrect. The GSAT 17 communication satellite will be placed in the geostationary orbit and will have a mission life of 15 years, and not 5 years.

Statement 2 is correct.

Statement 3 is incorrect. GSAT-17 will provide continuity of services of operational satellites in C, extended C and S bands.

More details on GSAT-17 communication Satellite:

• Apart from providing communication services, the satellite will provide meteorological and satellite-based data to help rescue services which were earlier provided by geostationary satellites called Indian National Satellite System (INSAT).
• Once launched, ISRO’s Master Control Facility will take over and place the satellite in geostationary orbit.
• GSAT-17 will also launch communication satellite Hellas Sat 3-Inmarsat S EAN.

Both the statements are incorrect.

Statement 1 is incorrect. ROSA is smaller and lighter than the traditional panels and has a centre wing build of a flexible material containing photovoltaic cells to convert light into electricity.

Statement 2 is incorrect. ROSA is an advanced, flexible solar array that rolls out like a tape measure. The ROSA is very much flexible so that it can be adapted to different sizes including very large arrays.

More about Roll-Out Solar Array:

• NASA had earlier tested the ROSA technology in vacuum chambers on the Earth but this is the first time it is testing the technology in space.
• Unlike the traditional solar array panels, ROSA has the potential to make solar arrays more compact and weigh lighter. The traditional solar panels which are at present used to power satellites are very bulky with panels being folded using mechanical hinges.
• ROSA technology can provide solar power to remote locations.

Both the statements are incorrect.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Aeroboats are much faster and robust when compared to hovercrafts. Aeroboats are capable of moving at the speed of around 150 kmph or more on water. Hovercrafts, on the other hand, can move at around 45-50 kmph or more.

Statement 2 is incorrect. While hovercrafts work on static air cushion, aeroboats functions on dynamic air-cushion. The Dynamic air-cushion feature provides a lot of advantage to aeroboats in terms of speed and manoeuvrability. The amphibious aeroboats can provide high-speed year-round navigation even in frozen surfaces.

A cryogenic rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer, that is, its fuel or oxidizer(or both) are gases liquefied and stored at very low temperatures. Notably, these engines were one of the main factors of NASA’s success in reaching the Moon by the Saturn V rocket.

A cryogenic engine provides more force with each kilogram of cryogenic propellant it uses compared to other propellants, such as solid and liquid propellant rocket engines and is more efficient.

Option c is the correct answer.

Conduction: The process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through the material of a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.

Convection: Convection is heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it.

Radiation: The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.

Evaporation: The process of turning from liquid into vapor.

Dwarfness and being more prone to diseases are the main characteristics of high yielding variety of crops.

High yielding variety of crops:

• High Yielding Variety Seeds are developed to get higher yielding. The main advantages of High Yielding Variety seeds are yielding of farms with the use of HYV seeds in high compared to the use of traditional seeds. HYV seeds give better quality yielding.
• High Yielding Varieties Seeds are undoubtedly land substituting, water economizing, more labor using, and employment generating innovation.
• Irrigation is the most important input required for the successful cul­tivation of HYV.  Better results from HYV depend largely on assured and controlled irrigation.
• The maturity time of crop is less. Multiple crops can be grown easily.
• Seeds are mostly flood and drought resistant. Problems of pests and diseases are less.
• HYV seeds generate additional employment. Net agricultural income increases substantially. HYV Seeds helps socio-economic transformation for farmers.
• Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Jowar , Bajra and other crops utilized HYV seeds over large area within a short period.

Option a, Osmoregulation is the correct option.

What is Osmoregulation?

• Osmoregulation is the process by which an organism regulates the water balance in its body and maintains the homeostasis of the body.
• It includes controlling excess water loss or gain and maintaining the fluid balance and the osmotic concentration, that is, the concentration of electrolytes.
• It ensures that the fluids in the body do not get too diluted or concentrated.
• Maintaining osmoregulation in humans is the primary responsibility of the kidney. When the water level in the body is high, it releases a large amount of hypotonic urine to lower the water level. When the water level is low, it retains water and produces low amount of hypertonic urine.